Antoninus Pius (; born 19 September 86AD – died 7 March 161AD ), also known as Antoninus, was Roman Emperor from 138AD to 161AD.

The Roman Empire during the reign of Antoninus Pius.

Scholars place Antoninus Pius as the leading candidate for fulfilling the role as a friend of Rabbi Judah the Prince.

He had a close friendship with " Antoninus ", possibly Antoninus Pius, who would consult Rabbi Judah on various worldly and spiritual matters.

Arch of Antoninus Pius in Sbeïtla, Tunisia.

Antoninus in many ways was the ideal of the landed gentleman praised not only by ancient Romans, but also by later scholars of classical history, such as Edward Gibbon or the author of the article on Antoninus Pius in the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica:

The family of Antoninus Pius and Faustina the Elder also represents one of the few periods in ancient Roman history where the position of Emperor passed smoothly from father to son.

* Historia Augusta, The Life of Antoninus Pius, English version of Historia Augusta Note that the Historia Augusta includes pseudohistorical elements.

* Weigel, Richard D., " Antoninus Pius ( A. D. 138 – 161 )", De Imperatoribus Romanis

* Hüttl, W. Antoninus Pius vol.

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* Marcus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus ( died before 138 ); his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.

* Marcus Galerius Aurelius Antoninus ( died before 138 ); his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.

He acquired much favor with the Emperor Hadrian, who adopted him as his son and successor on 25 February 138, after the death of his first adopted son Lucius Aelius, on the condition that Antoninus would in turn adopt Marcus Annius Verus, the son of his wife's brother, and Lucius, son of Aelius Verus, who afterwards became the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.

Antoninus made few initial changes when he became emperor, leaving intact as far as possible the arrangements instituted by Hadrian.

Hadrian and Antoninus Pius held similar celebrations, in 121 AD and 147 / 148 AD respectively.

* 138 – The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor.

Thus, most knowledge of Roman Britain has derived from archaeological investigations, and the epigraphic evidence lauding the Britannic achievements of an Emperor of Rome, such as Hadrian ( r. 117 – 38 ) and Antoninus Pius ( r. 138 – 61 ), whose walls demarcated the northern borders of Roman Britain.

In 138, Hadrian resolved to adopt Antoninus Pius if he would in turn adopt Marcus Aurelius and Aelius ' son Lucius Verus as his own eventual successors.

Antoninus agreed, and soon afterward Hadrian died at Baiae.

Nothing is known of him or of the date at which he lived ; the times of Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, the beginning of the 3rd century, and the age of Diocletian and Constantine have all been suggested.

For Marcus ' life and rule, the biographies of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus and Lucius Verus are largely reliable, but those of Aelius Verus and Avidius Cassius are full of fiction.

* 96 – 180: Five Good Emperors of Rome: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius

* February 25 – Emperor Hadrian makes Antoninus Pius his successor, on condition that he adopts Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.

* The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 75 percent under emperor Antoninus Pius, down from 87 percent under the reign of Hadrian.

* The Tomb of Hadrian in Rome is completed, emperor Antoninus Pius cremates the body of Hadrian and placed his ashes together with that of his wife Vibia Sabina and his adopted son, Lucius Aelius in the mausoleum.

Unlike the preceding Emperors Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius, he seems to have had little interest in the business of administration and tended throughout his reign to leave the practical running of the state to a succession of favourites, beginning at this time with Saoterus, a freedman from Nicomedia who had become his chamberlain.

Pope Saint Telesphorus was Pope from 126 or 127 to 136 or 137 or 138, during the reigns of Roman Emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius.

Eusebius ( Church History iv. 7 ; iv. 14 ) places the beginning of his pontificate in the twelfth year of the reign of Emperor Hadrian ( 128 – 129 ) and gives the date of his death as being in the first year of the reign of Antoninus Pius ( 138 – 139 ).

Outside the town, in Santa Maria Capua Vetere, there is the amphitheatre, built in the time of Augustus, restored by Hadrian and dedicated by Antoninus Pius, as the inscription over the main entrance recorded.

The precise date of his birth, as of his death, is unknown ; but from the names of his teachers and companions, he must have lived under Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius.

Aeternitas was among the many virtues depicted on coinage issued under Vespasian, Titus, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Septimius Severus.

Providentia appeared on Roman coins issued under Vespasian, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Septimius Severus, Commodus and Diocletian.