The breakup of the Holy Roman Empire and the downfall of feudalism led, not more than two centuries ago, to the surge of nationalism.

About a thousand years after that, when the Roman Empire was divided, it became capital of the Eastern section.

In 1453 when the last vestige of ancient Roman power fell to the Turks, the city officially shifted religions -- although the Patriarch, or Pope, of the Orthodox Church continued to live there, and still does -- and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Apollo was worshipped throughout the Roman Empire.

In the late 2nd century CE floor mosaic from El Djem, Roman Thysdrus, he is identifiable as Apollo Helios by his effulgent halo, though now even a god's divine nakedness is concealed by his cloak, a mark of increasing conventions of modesty in the later Empire.

Under Parthian and Sassanian Iranian empires, scholars concentrated on exchanging knowledge and inventions by the countries around them – India, China, and the Roman Empire, when it is thought to be expanded over the other countries.

The similarity of the Roman abacus to the Chinese one suggests that one could have inspired the other, as there is some evidence of a trade relationship between the Roman Empire and China.

The region became a province of the Roman Empire, with the same name Asia.

While not entirely synonymous with Anatolia, the term Asia Minor, derived from the Latin Asia Minores, refers to Asia inside the Roman Empire, versus Asia Magna, all of Asia beyond the borders.

After the division of the Roman Empire, Anatolia became part of the East Roman, or Byzantine Empire.

Most historians, including Edward Gibbon, date the defeat at Manzikert as the beginning of the end of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Between 1950 and 1960, van Vogt produced collections, notable fixups such as: The Mixed Men ( 1952 ) and The War Against the Rull ( 1959 ), and the two " Clane " novels, Empire of the Atom ( 1957 ) and The Wizard of Linn ( 1962 ), which were inspired ( like Asimov's Foundation series ) by the fall of the Roman Empire, specifically Claudius.

* 1632 – Maria Leopoldine of Austria, Holy Roman Empire Empress ( d. 1649 )

* 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

* 1632 – Battle of Rain: Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years ' War.

* Fordicidia ( Roman Empire )

* 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.

* 313 – Battle of Tzirallum: Emperor Licinius defeats Maximinus II and unifies the Eastern Roman Empire.

( Roman Empire )

* 1806 – Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates ending the Holy Roman Empire.

And in this country Gustave Weigel's delineation of the line between the sacral and secular orders during the last presidential campaign served to provide a most impressive Roman Catholic defense of the practical autonomy of both church and state.

The use of minted coins continued to flourish during the Greek and Roman eras.

He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the City during his reign.

The Germanics were in Germany and Scandinavia during earliest mention of them in Roman literature, long before the Romans had even conquered Italy.

He kills 28 people in the Trojan War, and his career during that war is retold by Roman historian Gaius Julius Hyginus ( c. 64 BC – AD 17 ) in his Fabulae.

According to Edward Gibbon in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, during the shifting of offices that took place at the beginning of the new reigns, Alaric apparently hoped he would be promoted from a mere commander to the rank of general in one of the regular armies.

However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.

Alphonse might have met Eastern Roman Emperor Manuel I Comnenus during his visit there.

The temple to Ares in the agora of Athens that Pausanias saw in the second century AD had only been moved and rededicated there during the time of Augustus ; in essence it was a Roman temple to the Augustan Mars Ultor.

These were rededicated during the early Roman Empire to Augustus or Claudius ( uncertain ), and Agrippa, respectively.

This resulted in two of his most original operas being consigned to his desk drawer, namely Cublai, gran kan de ' Tartari ( Kublai Grand Kahn of Tartary ) a satire on the autocracy and court intrigues at the court of the Russian Czarina, Catherine the Great, and Catilina ( Cataline ) a semi-comic-semi-tragic account of the Catiline conspiracy that attempted to overthrow the Roman republic during the consulship of Cicero.

During the English Reformation the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily under Henry VIII and Edward VI and later permanently during the reign of Elizabeth I.

When the Roman Empire turned Christian during the following century, this imagery came to be used in a more metaphysical sense, and removed legal impediments to the development and public use of the Anno Domini dating system, which came into general use during the reign of Charlemagne.

The city was without walls, protected by a light garrison of the Tenth Legion, during the Late Roman Period.

Roman Temple of Artemis in Jerash, Jordan, built during the reign of Antoninus Pius.

As a result of their views on the nature of baptism and other issues, Anabaptists were heavily persecuted during the 16th century and into the 17th by both Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics.

He suffered during the persecution under the Roman emperor Maximinus Thrax in 235.

Strabo mentions that a Roman colony was created at the location in the reign of Augustus, named Colonia Alexandria Augusta Troas ( called simply Troas during this period ).

Since the 2002 edition, the Apostles ' Creed is included in the Roman Missal with the indication, " Instead of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, especially during Lent and Easter time, the baptismal Symbol of the Roman Church, known as the Apostles ’ Creed, may be used.

Lutherans, like Roman Catholics, use the Apostles ' Creed during the Sacrament of Baptism:

Brass made during the early Roman period seems to have varied between 20 % to 28 % wt zinc.