* Britons ( historical ), ancient Celtic inhabitants of the island of Great Britain south of the Firth of Forth.

One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum ( History of the Britons ) and Annales Cambriae ( Welsh Annals ), sees Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano-British leader who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons sometime in the late 5th to early 6th century.

Map of Britons ( historical ) | British settlements ( 6th century )

** Ancient Britons ( historical )

Despite the confusion of dates the Roman Conquest is the first of 103 historical events in the book characterised as a Good Thing, " since the Britons were only natives at that time ".

Britons ( historical ) | British settlements in the 6th century

Æthelfrith's victory at Chester has been seen as having great strategic importance, as it may have resulted in the separation of the Britons between those in Wales and those to the north ; however, Stenton noted that Bede was mainly concerned with the massacre of the monks and does not indicate that he regarded the battle as a historical " turning-point ".

It was clearly a historical battle, being described by Gildas, who does not mention the name of the Britons ' leader ( he does, however, mention Aurelius Ambrosius as a great scourge of the Saxons immediately prior.

The historical accuracy of the Historia Brittonum is at best questionable and serves more as historical fiction rather than a legitimate history of the Britons.

The earliest historical evidence of Christianity among the native Britons is found in the writings of such early Christian Fathers as Tertullian and Origen in the first years of the 3rd century, although the first Christian communities probably were established some decades earlier.

The definitions given above are based partly on a historical understanding of the relationship between Britons, Angles and Gaels ( and later, Norse and Normans ) which was more complex than a simple process of invasion and settlement, and partly on geography which becomes less well defined as we move north.

The name comes from the Scottish Gaelic Dùn Breatainn meaning " fort of the Brythons ( Britons )", and serves as a reminder that the earliest historical inhabitants of Clydesdale spoke an early form of the Welsh language.

# REDIRECT Britons ( historical )

Bladud or Blaiddyd was a legendary king of the Britons, for whose existence there is no historical evidence.

Like other " historical " takes on the Arthurian legends, the series postulates that Post-Roman Britain was a difficult time for the native Britons, being threatened by invasion from the Anglo-Saxons in the East and raids from the Irish in the West.

The English constitution, he asserted, “ is originally and essentially free .” Roman sources, such as the reliable Tacitus, made it clear that “ the ancient Britons … were extremely jealous of their liberties .” England ’ s monarchs originally held their throne “ solely by grant of parliament ,” so the ancient English kings ruled “ by the voluntary consent of the people .” After forty pages of such historical discourse, Mayhew reached his major point: the essential rightness of the execution of an English king when he too greatly infringed upon British liberties.

Other sources include the 9th century Latin historical compilation Historia Britonum ( the History of the Britons ) and Geoffrey of Monmouth's 12th century Latin chronicle Historia Regum Britanniae ( the History of the Kings of Britain ), as well as later folklore, such as The Welsh Fairy Book by W. Jenkyn Thomas.

Riothamus ( aka Riotimus, apparently meaning Kingliest or " Great King " ( from Brittonic * rigo-" king ", plus the Brittonic superlative suffix-tamo -) was a historical figure whom ancient sources list as " a king of the Britons ".

Arthur of the Britons is a British television show about the historical King Arthur.

The only mention of him in the historical record is the note of his death, as King of the Britons, in the Annales Cambriae, and the appearance of his name in genealogies such as those in Jesus College MS. 20 ( as the son of " Idwal Iwrch son of Cadwaladr Fendigiad ") and the Harleian genealogies ( as the son of " Tutgual son of Cadwaladr ").

From the late 1960s, they included historical subjects, such as ' British Costume ', ' History of the Motor Car ', and ' Famous Britons '.

Howard endeavoured to connect the fictional peoples of the Hyborian Age with later historical groups, such as the Cimmerians ( depicted as ancestors of the ancient Gaels ), their hereditary enemies the Picts ( compare to the Picts of eastern and northern Scotland ), and Vanir ( sea-roving Danes, i. e. Vikings ) to the west and north respectively and their allies the Aesir ( generally depicted in the Hyborian Age as a fair Nordic-type race, linked by Howard to ancient Britons and Gauls ) to the northeast.

Gauls and Britons wore their rings on the middle finger, and the choice of right or left hand appears relatively dependent on culture ; though cultures that use either the right or left ring finger both claim a historical connection to the vena amoris.

Several other films dealing with inner city issues and Black Britons were released in the 2000s such as Bullet Boy ( 2004 ), Life and Lyrics ( 2006 ) and Rollin ' With the Nines ( 2009 ).

To make way for the Europeans ( largely Britons and whites from South Africa ), the Maasai were restricted to the southern Loieta plains in 1913.

By far, the largest proportion of respondents in the three countries ( 74 % in Canada, 67 % in Britain and 63 % in the United States ) said that conversations with friends were “ very useful ” or “ moderately useful .” The next reputable source was the media ( television, books, movies, magazines ), mentioned by three-in-five Britons ( 65 %) and Canadians ( 62 %) and more than half of Americans ( 54 %) as useful.

While the most powerful ruler was acknowledged as King of the Britons ( later Tywysog Cymru: Leader or Prince of Wales ), and some rulers extended their control over other Welsh territories and into western England, none were able to unite Wales for long.

Welsh legend supports that this happened, with stories such as Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig ( English: The Dream of Emperor Maximus ), where he not only marries a wondrous British woman ( thus making British descendants probable ), but also gives her father sovereignty over Britain ( thus formally transferring authority from Rome back to the Britons themselves ).

* The Britons and Anglo-Saxon mercenaries under king Vortigern, appeal to Flavius Aetius ( magister militum of Gaul ), for military assistance in their struggle against the Picts and Irish.

The treaty abolished the monopoly of the Thirteen Factories on foreign trade ( Article V ) in Canton and instead five ports were opened for trade, Canton ( Shameen Island until 1943 ), Amoy ( Xiamen until 1930 ), Foochowfoo ( Fuzhou ), Ningpo ( Ningbo ) and Shanghai ( until 1943 ), where Britons were to be allowed to trade with anyone they wished.

The city was successively invaded by the Saxons ( around 285 ), the Franks ( around 500 ), the Britons ( in the 6th and 7th centuries ) and the Normans, who laid waste to it in 843: " The city of Nantes remained for many years deserted, devastated and overgrown with briars and thorns.

The Orygynale Cronykil of Andrew of Wyntoun ( c. 1350 – c. 1423 ), an early chronicler of Scottish history, alludes to " Ebrawce " ( Ebraucus ), a legendary King of the Britons, who " byggyd Edynburgh ".

** The letter to King Geraint of Dumnonia, was supposed to have been destroyed by the Britons ( William of Malmesbury, Gesta Pontificum, p. 361 ), but was discovered with others of Aldhelm's in the correspondence of St Boniface, archbishop of Mainz.

Although listening to his broadcasts was officially discouraged ( but not illegal ), many Britons did indeed tune in to them.

Vortigern (; ; ; ; ), also spelled Vortiger and Vortigen, was a 5th-century warlord in Britain, a leading ruler among the Britons.

The Historia Brittonum ( History of the Britons ), until recently attributed to a Nennius, a monk from Bangor, Gwynedd in Wales, was probably compiled during the early 9th century.

Heavily outnumbered ( the Britons numbered 100, 000 according to Tacitus, 230, 000 according to Dio Cassius ), the Romans stood their ground.

Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote about the town, claiming that it had been fortified by Ambrosius Aurelianus, king of the Britons after his victory over the Saxon forces of Hengist ( Historia Regum Britanniae viii, 7 ), that the captive Saxon leader Hengist was hacked to pieces by Eldol outside the town walls, and was buried at " Hengist's Mound " in the town.

It has been suggested that this, and the contemporary change in material culture of the Britons ( such as the introduction of coinage and cemeteries and an increase in craft industries ), was caused by increased interaction with the Roman Empire.

Breton is a Brythonic language, descended from the Celtic British language brought from Great Britain to Armorica by migrating Britons during the Early Middle Ages.

In the Iron Age, England, like all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, was inhabited by the Celtic people known as the Britons, but also by some Belgae tribes ( e. g. the Atrebates, the Catuvellauni, the Trinovantes, etc.

However, under Roman rule the Britons continued to worship native Celtic deities, such as Ancasta, but often conflated with their Roman equivalents, like Mars Rigonemetos at Nettleham.

According to research led by the University College London, Anglo-Saxon settlers enjoyed substantial social and economic advantages over Celtic Britons.

The Lizard peninsula's original name may have been the Celtic name " Predannack " (" British one "); during the Iron Age ( Pytheas c. 325 BC ) and Roman period, Britain was known as Pretannike ( in Greek ) and as Albion ( and Britons the " Pretani ").

During the Iron Age the region, like all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, was dominated by the Celtic Britons and the British language.

The native Celtic inhabitants of the province are known as the Britons.

In the Medieval period it had still been common to refer only to the Brythonic Celtic inhabitants of Britain as the " Britons ", as opposed to the " English ".

The name may derive from the Old English Cumberwell or Comberwell, meaning ' Well of the Britons ', referring to remaining Celtic inhabitants of an area dominated by Anglo-Saxons.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ( written over 400 years later ) describes how Hengist and Aesc defeated the " Brettas ", usually interpreted as Britons, and often over-interpreted as " Celtic ".

It arose as a fusion of the imported Roman culture with that of the indigenous Britons, a people of Celtic language and custom.

In the 6th century, a final small Celtic influx arrived from Britain ; the Britons were granted their own diocese, Britonia, in northern Galicia.

It is disputed whether Iron Age Britons were " Celts ", with some academics such as John Collis and Simon James actively opposing the idea of ' Celtic Britain ', since the term was only applied at this time to a tribe in Gaul.

The Saxons called the earlier inhabitants of Briton ( the Celtic Britons ) the ' Walas ' or ' Wealas '.

A torque ( or necklet ) with ornamentation of a late-Celtic design was found in the Mawrode area of Littleborough in 1832 ; and the name Calderbrook is derived from an ancient Celtic language, two factors implying inhabitation by Britons.

During the British Iron Age Cornwall, like all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, was inhabited by the Celtic people known as the Britons.

By conquering the Romanized Britons, they were faced with massive stone works and elaborate Celtic designs that seemed to come from a lost era of glory ( called the " work of giants " in The Ruin ).

The area has been inhabited since around 4000 BC ( evidence of which can be seen close to High Borrans ) when Celtic speaking Britons established farms.

The people of what is now Wales were not distinguished from the rest of the peoples of southern Britain ; all were called Britons and spoke the common British language, a Brythonic Celtic tongue.

* Celtic Researches on the Origin, Traditions and Languages of the Ancient Britons ( 1804 )