After the failure of the co-emperor Michael IX to stem the Turkish advance in Asia Minor in 1302 and the disastrous Battle of Bapheus, the Byzantine government hired the Catalan Company of Almogavars ( adventurers from Aragon and Catalonia ) led by Roger de Flor to clear Byzantine Asia Minor of the enemy.

* 474 – Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

* October 12 – Michael IX Palaiologos, Byzantine co-emperor ( b. 1277 )

* Byzantine co-emperor Andronikos IV Palaiologos rebels against his father, John V Palaiologos, for agreeing to let Constantinople become a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.

* August 12 – With the help of the Genoese, Byzantine co-emperor Andronicus IV Palaeologus invades Constantinople and dethrones his father, John V Palaeologus, as co-emperor.

* The Venetians and Ottomans invade Constantinople and restore John V Palaiologos as Byzantine co-emperor.

Andronikos IV Palaiologos is allowed to remain as Byzantine co-emperor but is confined to the city of Silivri for the remainder of his life.

Although Basil seems to have shared this belief ( and hated Leo ), the subsequent promotion of Basil to caesar and then co-emperor provided the child with a legitimate and Imperial parent and secured his succession to the Byzantine throne.

On September 14, 920, Romanos was invested as kaisar ( Caesar ), and finally on December 17 of the same year he was crowned co-emperor, becoming the effective head of the Byzantine Empire.

* Theodosius ( son of Maurice ) ( 583 / 585 – 602 ), eldest son and co-emperor of the Byzantine emperor Maurice

Because at the time of the engagement Emperor Alexios I had no rightful male heirs to inherit the throne, young Constantine was proclaimed the co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

* Christopher Lekapenos ( 921-931 ), Byzantine co-emperor

He was the first Byzantine emperor to use the term " autocrator " () on coinage to celebrate the ending of his thirty-three years as co-emperor.

In order to bypass this prohibition and ensure dynastic continuity, many reigning Byzantine emperors had their heirs crowned co-emperor so that the throne could not be considered vacant at their own death and thus the need for succession by election would not arise.

* Michael VIII Palaeologus ( co-emperor 1259 – 1261 ; restored Byzantine Empire )

After the Fourth Crusade, members of the family fled to the neighboring Empire of Nicaea, where Michael VIII Palaiologos became co-emperor in 1259, recaptured Constantinople and was crowned sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire in 1261.

To secure the alliance, Bagrat ’ s daughter Mart ’ a ( Maria ) married, at some point between 1066 and 1071, the Byzantine co-emperor Michael VII Ducas.

Roman may have been proclaimed co-emperor in accordance with Byzantine usage, but the evidence for that is vague.

Michael IX Palaiologos or Palaeologus (, Mikhaēl IX Palaiologos ), ( 17 April 1277 – 12 October 1320, Thessalonica, Greece ), reigned as Byzantine co-emperor with full imperial style 1294 / 1295 – 1320.

The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church.

Many fragments were supplied in quotes by Athenaeus, principally on the subject of wine-drinking, but fr. 333, " wine, window into a man ", was quoted much later by the Byzantine grammarian, John Tzetzes.

John Doukas re-established Byzantine rule in Chios, Rhodes, Smyrna, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097 – 1099.

Amathus still flourished and produced a distinguished patriarch of Alexandria, St. John the Merciful, as late as 606-616, and a ruined Byzantine church marks the site ; but it declined and was already almost deserted when Richard Plantagenet won Cyprus by a victory there over Isaac Comnenus in 1191.

In spite of the resolution of problems in Europe, Andronikos II was faced with the collapse of the Byzantine frontier in Asia Minor, despite the successful, but short, governorships of Alexios Philanthropenos and John Tarchaneiotes.

Saint Sava began the work on the Serbian Nomocanon in 1208 while being at Mount Athos, using The Nomocanon in Fourteen Titles, Synopsis of Stefan the Efesian, Nomocanon of John Scholasticus, Ecumenical Councils ' documents, which he modified with the canonical commentaries of Aristinos and John Zonaras, local church meetings, rules of the Holy Fathers, the law of Moses, translation of Prohiron and the Byzantine emperors ' Novellae ( most were taken from Justinian's Novellae ).

Fermat was not the first mathematician so moved to write in his own marginal notes to Diophantus ; the Byzantine scholar John Chortasmenos ( 14th / 15th C .) had written " Thy soul, Diophantus, be with Satan because of the difficulty of your theorems " next to the same problem.

The Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, used in the Byzantine Churches, still has a formula of dismissal of catechumens ( not usually followed by any action ) at this point.

* 1347 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341 – 1347 ends with a power-sharing agreement between John VI Kantakouzenos and John V Palaiologos.

In naval warfare, the fleet of the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I ( r. 491 – 518 ) is recorded by the chronicler John Malalas as having utilized a sulphur-based mixture to defeat the revolt of Vitalian in AD 515, following the advice of a philosopher from Athens called Proclus.

Based on these descriptions and the Byzantine sources, John Haldon and Maurice Byrne reconstructed the entire apparatus as consisting of three main components: a bronze pump ( the σίφων, siphōn proper ), which was used to pressurize the oil ; a brazier, used to heat the oil ( πρόπυρον, propyron, " pre-heater "); and the nozzle, which was covered in bronze and mounted on a swivel ( στρεπτόν, strepton ).

* a vita of Hesiod by the Byzantine grammarian John Tzetzes ;

The last great Byzantine Physician was John Actuarius, who lived in the early 14th century in Constantinople.

The chief theological opponents of iconoclasm were the monks Mansur ( John of Damascus ), who, living in Muslim territory as advisor to the Caliph of Damascus, was far enough away from the Byzantine emperor to evade retribution, and Theodore the Studite, abbot of the Stoudios monastery in Constantinople.

* 976 – John I Tzimiskes, Greek Byzantine Emperor ( b. 925 )

1986, The Chronicle of John Malalas: A Translation, Byzantina Australiensia 4 ( Melbourne: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies ) ISBN 0-9593626-2-2

Byzantine 11th-century soapstone relief of John Chrysostom, Louvre

But at present Saint John is celebrated on a wide variety of dates in Eastern rites: 29 December for Armenians, 30 December for Copts, 7 May for Syrians and 26 September for Christians of Byzantine Rite.

A brief intervention in 1137 – 1138 by the Byzantine emperor John II Comnenus, who wished to assert imperial suzerainty over all the crusader states, did nothing to stop the threat of Zengi ; in 1139 Damascus and Jerusalem recognized the severity of the threat to both states, and an alliance was concluded which halted Zengi's advance.

Almost as soon as Jerusalem had been captured, and continuing throughout the 12th century, many pilgrims arrived and left accounts of the new kingdom ; among them are the English Saewulf, the Russian Abbot Daniel, the Frank Fretellus, the Byzantine Johannes Phocas, and the Germans John of Würzburg and Theoderich.

He and his ally, Byzantine emperor John V Palaeologus ' son Andronicus, rebelled against their fathers.

A Byzantine lectionary, Lectionary 150 | Codex Harleianus ( l < sup > 150 </ sup >), AD 995, text of John 1: 18.