Her mother and father, Cleopatra V and Ptolemy XII, had also been brother and sister.

** Ptolemy V Epiphanes ( 204 BC – 180 BC ) and his wife Cleopatra I

** Cleopatra I Syra, queen of Egypt from 193 BC, wife of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and regent for her young son, Ptolemy VI Philometor ( b. c. 204 BC )

* Princess Arsinoe IV of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and probably Cleopatra V of Egypt ( or 68 BC ) ( d. 41 BC )

* Princess Arsinoe IV of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and probably Cleopatra V of Egypt ( or 67 BC ) ( d. 41 BC )

* Ptolemy XII deposes Cleopatra V, and becomes sole ruler.

* Cleopatra Thea succeeds to the rule of the Seleucid Empire on the death of Seleucus V. She appoints Antiochus VIII Grypus as co-ruler.

* Seleucus V Philometor ( killed by Cleopatra Thea )

* In the resulting peace, Antiochus III agrees to give his daughter Cleopatra in marriage to Ptolemy V.

* Cleopatra I Syra, daughter of Antiochus III and Laodice, marries the Egyptian King Ptolemy V Epiphanes.

* Queen Cleopatra I is appointed Vizier ( Chief Minister ) to the King Ptolemy V Epiphanes.

The identity of Cleopatra's mother is unknown, but she is generally believed to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt, the sister or cousin and wife of Ptolemy XII, or possibly another Ptolemaic family member who was the daughter of Ptolemy X and Cleopatra Berenice III Philopator if Cleopatra V was not the daughter of Ptolemy X and Berenice III.

* Cleopatra I Syra, queen of Egypt from 193 BC, wife of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and regent for her young son, Ptolemy VI Philometor ( b. c. 204 BC )

This claim is apparent in Brandes argument: “ when perishes, a prey to the voluptuousness of the East, it seems as though Roman greatness and the Roman Republic expires with him .” Yet Fitz points out that Antony dies in Act IV while Cleopatra ( and therefore Egypt ) is present throughout Act V until she commits suicide at the end and “ would seem to fulfill at least the formal requirements of the tragic hero .”

Rackin cites the same quote, " Antony / Shall be brought drunken forth, and I shall see / Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness / I ’ th ’ posture of a whore ” to make the argument that here the audience is reminded of the very same treatment Cleopatra is receiving on Shakespeare's stage ( since she is being portrayed by a boy actor ) ( V. ii. 214-217 ).

He was succeeded by his queen Cleopatra Thea and then by two of their sons, Seleucus V Philometor and Antiochus VIII Grypus.

* Cleopatra I Syra ( c. 204-176 BC ), married in 193 BC Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt

In response, Antiochus III indicated his willingness to make peace with Ptolemy V and to have his daughter Cleopatra I marry Ptolemy V. They were betrothed in 195 BC and their marriage took place in 193 BC in Raphia.

The final conflict was provoked by Antony, who is said to have been persuaded by his lover, the queen Cleopatra of Egypt, to retire to her land and give battle to mask his retreat ; but lack of provisions and the growing demoralization of his army would eventually account for this decision.

Octavian's fleet was commanded by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, while Antony's fleet was supported by the ships of Queen Cleopatra of Ptolemaic Egypt.

That occurred when Mark Antony, the other most influential member of the Triumvirate, abandoned his wife, Octavian's sister Octavia Minor, and moved to Egypt to start a long-term romance with Cleopatra, thus becoming de facto stepfather to Caesarion.

Octavian complained that Antony had no authority for being in Egypt ; that his execution of Sextus Pompeius was illegal ; that his treachery to the king of Armenia disgraced the Roman name ; that he had not sent half the proceeds of the spoils to Rome according to his agreement ; that his connection with Cleopatra and the acknowledgment of Caesarion as a legitimate son of Julius Caesar were a degradation of his office and a menace to himself.

Octavian ( Julius Caesar's 18-year old adopted son and heir ), and Cleopatra of Egypt ( Joseph M. Horodyski, Military Heritage, August 2005, Volume 7, No. 1, pp 58 to 63, and p. 78 ), ISSN 1524-8666.

# Alchemy in Greco-Roman Egypt 642 CE, the earliest Western alchemists such as Mary the Jewess, Cleopatra the Alchemist, and Zosimos of Panopolis described early laboratory equipment.

Cleopatra VII ( 69 – 30 BC ) was the last pharaoh of Egypt, famed lover of Mark Antony and Julius Caesar.

* Cleopatra I Syra ( c. 204 – 176 BC ), princess of the Seleucid Empire and by marriage, queen of Ptolemaic Egypt

* Cleopatra II of Egypt ( c. 185 – 116 BC ), queen ( and briefly sole ruler ) of Ptolemaic Egypt

* Cleopatra III of Egypt ( 161 – 101 BC ), queen of Egypt

* Cleopatra IV of Egypt ( c. 138 – 135 BC ), queen of Egypt

* Cleopatra VI of Egypt, Egyptian Ptolemaic queen

* Berenice III of Egypt ( 120-80 BC ), queen of Egypt sometimes known as Cleopatra Berenice

* Cleopatra ( neighborhood ), in Alexandria, Egypt

Mark Antony supposedly gave Cleopatra over 200, 000 scrolls ( taken from the great Library of Pergamum ) for the library as a wedding gift, but this is regarded by some historians as a propagandist claim meant to show Antony's allegiance to Egypt rather than Rome.

As for Cleopatra, she was proclaimed Queen of Kings and Queen of Egypt, to rule with Caesarion ( Ptolemy XV Caesar, son of Cleopatra by Julius Caesar ), King of Kings and King of Egypt.

# Children with the Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt, the former lover of Julius Caesar:

* 30 BC – Cleopatra VII Philopator, the last ruler of the Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty, commits suicide, allegedly by means of an asp bite.

In the comic book Asterix and Cleopatra, the author Goscinny inserted a pun about alexandrines: when the Druid Panoramix (" Getafix " in the English translation ) meets his Alexandrian ( Egyptian ) friend the latter exclaims Je suis, mon cher ami, || très heureux de te voir at which Panoramix observes C ' est un Alexandrin (" That's an alexandrine!

The alliance commonly known as the Second Triumvirate, renewed for a five-year term in 38 BC, broke down when Octavian came to perceive Caesarion, the son of Julius Caesar and the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra VII, as a major threat to his power.

Caesar then became involved with an Egyptian civil war between the child pharaoh and his sister, wife, and co-regent queen, Cleopatra.

* Cleopatra VII of Egypt, Egyptian ruler

* Cleopatra Selene ( II ), Egyptian ruler of Cyrenaica and Libya ( b. 40 BC )

Lapis jewelry has been found at excavations of the Predynastic Egyptian site Naqada ( 3300 – 3100 BC ), and powdered lapis was used as eyeshadow by Cleopatra.

* February – Roman general Julius Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII of Egypt defeat the forces of the rival Egyptian Queen Arsinoe IV in the Battle of the Nile.

* Cleopatra evacuates her court and treasury to Berenice on the west coast of the Red Sea, but king Malchus of Nabatea attacks from the desert and burned the Egyptian ships.

By contrast, Cleopatra did learn to speak Egyptian and represented herself as the reincarnation of an Egyptian goddess, Isis.

Cleopatra originally ruled jointly with her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes, and later with her brothers, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV, whom she married as per Egyptian custom, but eventually she became sole ruler.

Caesar seized the Egyptian capital and imposed himself as arbiter between the rival claims of Ptolemy and Cleopatra.

He married Cleopatra according to the Egyptian rite ( a letter quoted in Suetonius suggests this ), although he was at the time married to Octavia Minor, sister of his fellow triumvir Octavian.

The ancient sources, particularly the Roman ones, are in general agreement that Cleopatra killed herself by inducing an Egyptian cobra to bite her.

Statue of Cleopatra as Egyptian goddess ; Basalt, second half of the first century BC.

Among the later, non-indigenous Egyptian dynasties, the most notable example of another woman who became pharaoh was Cleopatra VII, the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.

The two Ptolemy brothers agree to rule Egypt jointly with their sister Cleopatra II and Coele Syria is invaded by the Egyptian forces.

During the Egyptian campaign of 1798, Napoléon Bonaparte started an affair of his own with Pauline Fourès, the wife of a junior officer who became known as " Napoleon's Cleopatra.

Once again, Antony loses when Cleopatra's ships break off action and flee – his own fleet surrenders, and he denounces Cleopatra: " This foul Egyptian hath betrayed me.

While some characters fall completely into the category of Roman or Egyptian ( Octavius as Roman, Cleopatra Egyptian ) others, such as Antony, cannot chose between the two conflicting locales and cultures.