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Octavian complained that Antony had no authority for being in Egypt ; that his execution of Sextus Pompeius was illegal ; that his treachery to the king of Armenia disgraced the Roman name ; that he had not sent half the proceeds of the spoils to Rome according to his agreement ; that his connection with Cleopatra and the acknowledgment of Caesarion as a legitimate son of Julius Caesar were a degradation of his office and a menace to himself.
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Octavian and complained
Antony complained that Octavian had exceeded his powers in deposing Lepidus, in taking over the countries held by Sextus Pompeius, in enlisting soldiers for himself without sending half to him.
Octavian and Antony
Mark Antony later charged that Octavian had earned his adoption by Caesar through sexual favours, though Suetonius, in his work Lives of the Twelve Caesars, describes Antony's accusation as political slander.
A later senatorial investigation into the disappearance of the public funds made no action against Octavian, since he subsequently used that money to raise troops against the Senate's arch enemy, Mark Antony.
It was a naval engagement fought between the forces of Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.
Antony was inevitably perceived by Octavian and the majority of the Roman Senate as the leader of a separatist movement that threatened to break the unity of the Roman Republic.
Both Octavian and Mark Antony had fought against their common enemies in the civil war that followed the assassination of Julius Caesar.
After years of loyal cooperation with Octavian, Mark Antony started to act independently, eventually raising the suspicion that he was vying to become the sole master of Rome.
Thereafter, Octavian started a propaganda war, denouncing Antony as an enemy of Rome, asserting that he was seeking to establish a personal monarchy over the entire Roman Empire on the behalf of Caesarion, completely circumventing the Roman Senate.
Octavian was not present, but at the next meeting made a reply of such a nature that the consuls both left Rome to join Antony ; and Antony, when he heard of it, after publicly divorcing Octavia, came at once to Ephesus with Cleopatra, where a vast fleet was gathered from all parts of the East, of which Cleopatra furnished a large proportion.
But, by the publication of Antony's will, which had been put into his hands by the traitor Plancus, and by carefully letting it be known at Rome what preparations were going on at Samos, and how entirely Antony was acting as the agent of Cleopatra, Octavian produced such a violent outburst of feeling that he easily obtained Antony's deposition from the consulship of 31, for which he had been designated, and a vote for a proclamation of war against Cleopatra, well understood to mean against Antony, though he was not named.
But during these months not only was Agrippa continuing his descent upon Greek towns and coasts, but in various cavalry skirmishes, Octavian had so far prevailed that Antony abandoned the north side of the strait and confined his soldiers to the southern camp.
Under cover of darkness some 19 legions and 12, 000 cavalry fled before Antony was able to engage Octavian in a land battle.
After Mark Antony lost his fleet, his army, which had been equal to that of Octavian, deserted in large numbers.
Antony, who had found himself generally deserted, after vainly attempting to secure the army stationed near Paraetonium under Pinarius, and sending his eldest son Antyllus with money to Octavian and an offer to live at Athens as a private citizen, found himself in the spring attacked on two sides.
During the Civil Wars that led to the Principate, Octavian ( later Augustus ) acquired the personal gladiator troop of his erstwhile opponent, Mark Antony.
He first appears in history in 40 BC, when he was employed by Octavian in arranging his marriage with Scribonia, and afterwards in assisting to negotiate the treaty of Brundisium and the reconciliation with Mark Antony.
To his influence especially was attributed the more humane policy of Octavian after his first alliance with Antony and Lepidus.
After Caesar's assassination, Antony formed an official political alliance with Octavian ( the future Augustus ) and Lepidus, known to historians today as the Second Triumvirate.
Disagreement between Octavian and Antony erupted into civil war, the final war of the Roman Republic, in 31 BC.
Antony was defeated by Octavian at the naval Battle of Actium, and in a brief land battle at Alexandria.
Roman aureus bearing the portraits of Mark Antony ( left ) and Augustus | Octavian ( right ).
Struck in 41 BC, this coin was issued to celebrate the establishment of the Second Triumvirate by Octavian, Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus ( triumvir ) | Marcus Lepidus in 43 BC.
Octavian and had
Octavian made another bold move in 44 BC when without official permission he appropriated the annual tribute that had been sent from Rome's Near Eastern province
Octavian's prestige and, more importantly, the loyalty of his legions, had been initially boosted by Julius Caesar's legacy of 44 BC, by which the then nineteen-year-old Octavian had been officially adopted as the only son of the great Roman general and also established as the sole legitimate heir of his enormous wealth.
Octavian had about 250 warships.
Before the battle, one of Mark Antony's generals, Quintus Dellius, had defected to Octavian, bringing with him Mark Antony's battle plans.
With the end of the battle, Octavian exerted himself to save the crews of the burning vessels, and had to spend the whole night on board.
Octavian had Caesarion killed later that year, finally securing his legacy as Julius Caesar's only ' son '.
This constitutional tradition prevented both Julius Caesar and Octavian Augustus from accepting a crown ; instead they had to devise a confluence of several republican offices onto their persons in order to secure absolute power.
Its location below Augustus ' residence is thought to be significant ; Octavian, before he became Augustus, had considered taking the name Romulus to indicate that he intended to found Rome anew.
In 32 BC, the Senate deprived him of his powers and declared war against Cleopatra – not Antony, because Octavian had no wish to advertise his role in perpetuating Rome's internecine bloodshed.
Cleopatra was allowed to conduct Antony's burial rites after she had been captured by Octavian.
Octavian had Caesarion murdered, but he spared Antony's children by Cleopatra, who were paraded through the streets of Rome.
# Marriage to Octavia the Younger, sister of Octavian, later Augustus ; they had two daughters:
In 43 BC, after Octavian received his consulship from the Roman Senate, one of his first actions was to have the people that had assassinated Julius Caesar declared murderers and enemies of the state.
Upon hearing that neither Antonius nor Octavian had an army big enough to defend Rome, Brutus rallied his troops, which totaled about 17 legions.
Octavian and no
As had been the case with both Sulla and Julius Caesar during their dictatorships, the members of the Triumvirate saw no contradiction between holding a supraconsular office and the consulate itself simultaneously ( Lepidus was consul in 42 BC, Antony in 34 BC, and Octavian in 33 BC ).
Nevertheless, Livia and Octavian remained married for the next 51 years, despite the fact that they had no children apart from a single miscarriage.
This action, which had no precedent, precipitated a crisis only fully resolved in 31 BC, when Octavian defeated all his enemies to become the sole master of the Roman world.
She, the mother-in ‑ law of Octavian and wife of Antony, had no respect for Lepidus because of his slothfulness, and managed affairs herself, so that neither the senate nor the people transacted any business contrary to her pleasure.
no: Octavian Goga
Dio Cassius says that Bocchus sent his sons to support Sextus Pompeius in Spain, while Bogud fought on the side of Caesar, and there is no doubt that after Caesar's death Bocchus supported Octavian, and Bogud Antony.
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