Two political parties grew out of conflicts between the followers of Bolívar and Santander and their political visions — the Conservatives and the Liberals – and have since dominated Colombian politics.

Although the system established by the Sitges agreement was phased out by 1974, the 1886 Colombian constitution — in effect until 1991 — required that the losing political party be given adequate and equitable participation in the government which, according to many observers and later analysis, eventually resulted in some increase in corruption and legal relaxation.

Although the Colombian Government ratified the 1988 UN Convention on Narcotics in 1994 — the last of the Andean governments to do so — it took important reservations, notably to the anti-money-laundering measures, asset forfeiture and confiscation provisions, maritime interdiction, and extradition clauses.

Ecuador's president Rafael Correa said March 3, 2008 that a deal to release political prisoners — including former Colombian Sen. Ingrid Betancourt -- was nearly complete before the March 1, 2008 Colombian raid into his country.

Over 70 % of all Colombian presidential candidates in 1990 — and 100 % of those from center-left parties — were assassinated.

** Colombian Grebe, Podiceps andinus — extinct ( 1977 )

* The Colombian armed conflict ( 1964 – present ) is a complex perpetual war between the following three factions: ( 1 ) the Colombian government, which is the formal nation of Colombia represented by the vast majority of its society ( rural and urban, poor and rich ), the Colombian politicians, business interests, and military ; ( 2 ) the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, which in Spanish is " Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia ", is abbreviated FARC, and claims to represent rural poor Colombian people, especially by appealing to Marxism – Leninism ; and ( 3 ) the National Liberation Army, which in Spanish is " Ejército de Liberación Nacional ", is abbreviated ELN, and, like FARC, also claims to be representing rural poor people, but unlike FARC, emphasizes Liberation theology more than Marxist — Leninism.

* June 19 — Salvador Camacho, Colombian economist, politician and writer ( born 1827 )

Variants were manufactured by American Motors Corporation ( AMC ), as the Renault Alliance ( 1983 – 1987 ) and Renault Encore ( 1984 – 1987 ) for the North American market — as well as for the Colombian market from 1983-1999.

As a metaphoric, critical interpretation of Colombian history, from foundation to contemporary nation, One Hundred Years of Solitude presents different national myths through the story of the Buendía Family, whose spirit of adventure places them amidst the important actions of Colombian historical events — such as the nineteenth-century arguments for and against the Liberal political reformation of a colonial way of life ; the arrival of the railway to a mountainous country ; the Thousand Days War ( Guerra de los Mil Días, 1899 – 1902 ); the corporate hegemony of the United Fruit Company (" American Fruit Company " in the story ); the cinema ; the automobile ; and the military massacre of striking workers as government – labour relations policy.

Colombian novelist Gabriel García Marquez is also regarded as a notable exponent of this kind of fiction — especially his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude.

As acting ruler, Santander had to deal with a grave economic crisis — that was one of the direct consequences of a decade of constant warfare — pockets of royalist sentiment in Gran Colombian society, supplying the logistics of the continuing military operations, administrative and legislative reactivation, and the establishment of internal political divisions.

He engaged the help of various experts, among them geographer Gladstone Oliva ; historian and fellow Colombian Eugenio Gutiérrez Celys, who had co-written a book called with historian Fabio Puyo ; and astronomer Jorge Perezdoval — García Márquez used an inventory drawn up by Perezdoval to describe which nights Bolívar spent under a full moon.

His many research and publications achievements ( Oyuela-Caycedo, 1998 ) have earned him the title of “ Father of Colombian Archaeology ” — and rightly so.

* Central Bolívar Bloc — a Colombian paramilitary organization known by the Spanish initials BCB

* 1932 – Fernando Botero, Colombian artist

Fernando Botero Angulo ( born April 19, 1932 ) is a Colombian figurative artist.

In his Une Famille Botero represented the Colombian family, a subject often painted in the seventies and eighties.

Botero married Gloria Zea ( who became the Colombian Minister of Culture ).

Image :' Man on Horse ', bronze sculpture by Fernando Botero ( Colombian ), 1992, Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel. JPG | Man on Horse, bronze, 1992, at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel.

ACES ( Spanish acronym: Aerolíneas Centrales de Colombia ) was an airline with its headquarters in the Edificio del Cafe in Medellín, Colombia and founded on August 30, 1971 by a group of 13 Colombian entrepreneurs, amongst them, most notably Orlando Botero Escobar and German Peñaloza Arias from Manizales and Luis H. Coulson, Jorge Coulson R., Alberto Jaramillo and Hernán Zuluaga from Medellín.

Mr. Botero and Mr. Peñaloza, considered pioneers in the early days of Colombian commercial aviation, had tried several times to establish a commuter service between Manizales and Bogotá.

* Alejandro Botero ( born 1980 ), Colombian footballer

* Beatriz Elena Uribe Botero, Colombian politician

* Fernando Botero ( born 1932 ), Colombian figurative artist

* Fernando Botero Zea ( born 1956 ), Colombian politician

* Juan Carlos Botero, Colombian legal researcher

* Naty Botero, Colombian model

* Santiago Botero ( born 1972 ), Colombian cyclist

* Samuel Botero ( born 1945 ), Colombian American Designer

* Fernando Botero, Colombian artist

* Fernando Botero, Colombian painter and sculptor, lives in the commune.

* 1959 – Juan Fernando Cobo, Colombian painter and sculptor

After the 21 April 2001 capture of Brazilian drug lord Luiz Fernando da Costa ( aka Fernandinho Beira-Mar ) in Colombia, Colombian and Brazilian authorities accused him of cooperating with FARC-EP through the exchange of weapons for cocaine.

* August 27 – Juan Fernando Cobo, Colombian artist

In May 1992, Palmera and Abelardo Caicedo ( aka " Solis Almeida "), ordered the kidnapping and later the murder of Colombian Navy Lieutenant Álvaro Fernando Morris Piedrahíta.

* Fernando Vallejo ( born 1942 ), Colombian novelist and filmmaker

* Our Lady of the Assassins ( novel ) of the Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo, published by Alfaguara, Bogotá, 1993 in Spanish.

Since 1996 he has promoted the work of individuals from the political and intellectual world, including the former Colombian President Belisario Betancur, the former Spanish President, Felipe González, the former President of Chile, Ricardo Lagos and the former President of Brazil, Fernando Cardoso.

* Luis Fernando Suárez, Colombian football player and manager

Among the most notable works of art in the museum's permanent collection are the French sculptors Auguste Rodin's The American Athlete and Niki de Saint Phalle's Les Footballeurs, the Luxembourgish sculptor Lucien Wercollier's tribute to the pole vault Altius, the Colombian sculptor Fernando Botero's Jeune Fille a la Balle and a kinetic art sculpture by the Swiss sculptor Jean Tinguely which combines a hockey stick, a boar's head and a motorbike wheel.

* Fernando González Pacheco, Colombian television presenter.

* Fernando Ponce de León ( 1917 – 1998 ), Colombian writer

Yo soy Betty, la fea (" I am Betty, the ugly ") is a telenovela filmed in Colombia, written by Fernando Gaitán and produced between 1999 through 2001 by the Colombian network RCN ( Radio Cadena Nacional ) in cooperation of Venezuelan network RCTV ( Radio Caracas Television ).

" The War On Drugs Has Failed ", said a self-appointed 19-member commission on June 2, 2011, including former United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan, Mexico's former President Ernesto Zedillo, Brazil's ex-President Fernando Henrique Cardoso and former Colombian President Cesar Gaviria, as well as the former U. S. Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker and the then-current Prime Minister of Greece, George Papandreou.

Fernando Suarez and Pablo Perlaza were also Colombian suppliers to the Supreme Team.

* Fernando Camargo ( born 1977 ), Colombian road cyclist

He was famous in his country for being the founder of a literature and philosophy movement called " Nadaísmo " ( Nothing-ism ) with other young Colombian thinkers of his generation and that was inspired by the Colombian philosopher Fernando González Ochoa.

* Fernando Camargo, Colombian road cyclist