* Constantinople, as seen under the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II, makes several on-screen appearances in the television miniseries " Attila " as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.

* Folk Metal band Turisas makes multiple references to Constantinople in their song " Miklagard Overture ", referring to it as " Konstantinopolis ", " Tsargrad ", and " Miklagard ".

* Constantinople makes an appearance in the MMORPG game Silkroad as a major capital, along with a major Chinese capital.

* Constantinople also makes an appearance in " Medieval Total War ".

* Constantinople makes an appearance in the game " Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings " in the fifth scenario of the Barbarossa campaign and again in the third scenario of the Attila the Hun campaign in the expansion pack " Age of Empires II: The Conquerors Expansion ".

Its present canon law requires that an ecumenical council be convoked and presided over, either personally or through a delegate, by the Pope, who is also to decide the agenda ; but the church makes no claim that all past ecumenical councils observed these present rules, declaring only that the Pope's confirmation or at least recognition has always been required, and saying that the version of the Nicene Creed adopted at the First Council of Constantinople ( 381 ) was accepted by the Church of Rome only seventy years later, in 451.

* 330: Constantine makes Constantinople into his capital, a new Rome.

* 380 – Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople.

In 1573, for instance, a Venetian visitor to the Ottoman Empire observed that many of the Turkish natives of Constantinople regularly drink a " certain black water made with opium " that makes them feel good, but to which they become so addicted that if they try to go without they will " quickly die.

The fact that he fled to Constantinople, where he received protection, makes it probable that his rise to papacy might have been associated with the policy of the Greek Emperor, who at this time was pushing to displace the German influence in Salerno.

* November 24 – Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople.

* 330 – Constantine makes Constantinople the capital.

In addition Liutprand of Cremona, makes no mention of this, and it would have been very interesting to him, given that he was a thorough gossip, had been ambassador to Constantinople and devoted several chapters to the misadventures of Louis in Italy with no mention of these Byzantine connections.

Sir Roger, in order to intimidate the aliens, makes up tall tales about his estate, " which only took up three planets " and his other accomplishments, including a very successful conquest of Constantinople.

The recognition of the autocephalous Bulgarian Patriarchate by the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 927 AD makes the Bulgarian Orthodox Church the oldest autocephalous Slavic Orthodox Church in the world, which was added to the Pentarchy of the original Patriarchates-those of Rome ( i. e., the Roman Catholic Papacy ), Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem-and the autocephalous Georgian Orthodox Church.

According to Kantacouzenos he desired to expand the country from Byzantium to the Istros, i. e. from Constantinople to the Danube which makes him the last medieval Bulgarian ruler who effectively attempted to capture the Byzantine capital.

He is also credited with the Geodaesia, a work in practical geometry and ballistics which makes use of locations around Constantinople to illustrate its points.

This led to a popular uprising by the citizens of Constantinople in 1044, which was only quietened by the appearance of Zoe and Theodora at a balcony, who reassured the mob that they were not in any danger of assassination.

Preparing for a journey to Tarsus, he called on the Bishop of Tarsus, Diodore, who was attending the First Council of Constantinople ( one of the ecumenical councils ), to ask if he could take letters for him ; his appearance and manners struck Diodorus so forcibly that he at once determined that he should be advanced as a candidate for Bishop ; making an excuse of attending to some other business, he took Nectarius to see the bishop of Antioch, who asked Nectarius to put off his journey a short time.

The last appearance of the Byzantine navy was in the final Ottoman siege of 1453, when a mixed fleet of Byzantine, Genoese and Venetian ships ( varying numbers are provided by the sources, ranging from 10 to 39 vessels ) defended Constantinople against the Ottoman fleet.

Of his brothers, Dioscorus followed his father's profession in Tralles ; Alexander became at Rome one of the most celebrated medical men of his time ; Olympius was deeply versed in Roman jurisprudence ; and Metrodorus was a distinguished grammarian in Constantinople.

It was the most important center of trade in the whole empire ; and its primacy as an emporium of ideas was more commanding than that of Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles.

In 692, the Quinisext Council formally recognized and ranked the sees of the Pentarchy in order of preeminence, at that time Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem.

However, early church documents, such as those of the First Council of Nicaea ( 325 ) had always listed the Pope of Rome first among the Ancient Patriarchs ( first four, and later five: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem — collectively referred to as the Pentarchy ).

The growth of the population of ancient civilizations, the formation of ancient empires concentrating political power, and the growth in commerce and manufacturing led to ever greater capital cities and centres of commerce and industry, with Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia of the Hellenistic civilization, Pataliputra ( now Patna ) in India, Chang ' an ( now Xi ' an ) in China, Carthage, ancient Rome, its eastern successor Constantinople ( later Istanbul ).

It took on the name of Konstantinoupolis (" city of Constantine ", Constantinople ) after its re-foundation under Roman emperor Constantine I, who designated it as his new Roman capital, the New Rome.

After the victory, in 534, the Temple treasure of Jerusalem, looted by the Romans in 70 AD and taken to Carthage by the Vandals after their sack of Rome in 455, was brought to Constantinople and deposited for a time, perhaps in the Church of St. Polyeuctus, before being returned to Jerusalem in either the Church of the Resurrection or the New Church.

In a further decree, later known as the canon 28, the bishops declared the See of Constantinople ( New Rome ) equal in honor and authority to Rome.

Canon 28 grants equal privileges () to Constantinople as of Rome because Constantinople is the New Rome as renewed by canon 36 of the Quinisext Council.

The Council of Chalcedon also elevated the See of Constantinople to a position " second in eminence and power to the Bishop of Rome ".

The Council of Constantinople in 381 modified the situation somewhat by placing Constantinople second in honor, above Alexandria and Antioch, stating in Canon III, that "" the bishop of Constantinople ... shall have the prerogative of honor after the bishop of Rome ; because Constantinople is New Rome ".

Those who supported the Chalcedonian definition remained in communion with the other leading churches of Rome and Constantinople.

But it was unaware of the Bulgarian plans over Thrace and Constantinople, territories on which it had long-held ambitions, and on which it had just secured a secret agreement of expansion from its allies France and Britain, as a reward for participating in the upcoming Great War against the Central Powers.

Gallipoli became a major encampment for British and French forces in 1854 during the Crimean War, and the harbour was also a stopping-off point on the way to Constantinople.

The borders of the Kingdom were reiterated in the London Protocol of 30 August 1832 signed by the Great Powers, which ratified the terms of the Constantinople Arrangement in connection with the border between Greece and the Ottoman Empire and marked the end of the Greek War of Independence creating modern Greece as an independent state free of the Ottoman Empire.

* September 29 – Second Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in Constantinople between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.

* May 11 – Greece is recognized as a sovereign nation ; the Treaty of Constantinople ends the Greek War of Independence in July.

In the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish War ( 1919 – 1922 ), a large-scale population exchange between Greece and Turkey transferred and confined Christians from Turkey, except Constantinople ( effectively ethnic Greeks ) into the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus.

* Oleg leads the Kievan Rus ' in a campaign against Constantinople ( see Rus '- Byzantine War ( 907 )).

During the Balkan Wars and the Greco-Turkish War, under the influence of the Megali Idea, the name of the then-Greek king, Constantine, was used in Greece as a popular confirmation of the prophetic myth about the Marble King who would liberate Constantinople and recreate the lost Empire.

* Roger Crowley, 1453: The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and the West.

In 1476, the Venetians and the island's Greek inhabitants successfully defended Kotsinos against a Turkish siege, but the island was ceded to the Ottomans by the 1479 Treaty of Constantinople which ended the First Ottoman-Venetian War.

: The conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans signalled the end of the Byzantine empire ; the Battle of Castillon concluded the Hundred Years ' War.

Vergennes arrived in Constantinople as the Seven Years War was brewing and a new monarch Osman III had recently come to the throne.

Sixtus arrived with French-agreed conditions for talks — the restoration to France of Alsace-Lorraine ( annexed by Germany after the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 ); restoration of the independence of Belgium ; independence for the kingdom of Serbia ; and the handover of Constantinople to Russia.

During the Greek War of Independence he had energetically supported the Greek cause and backed the Treaty of Constantinople that gave Greece its independence.

But she was unaware of the Bulgarian plans over Thrace and Constantinople, territories on which she had long-held ambitions, and on which she had just secured a secret agreement of expansion from her allies France and Britain, as a reward in participating in the upcoming World War I against the Central Powers.

The golden bowl was carried off by the Phocians during the Third Sacred War ( 356 – 346 BC ); the stand was removed by the emperor Constantine to Constantinople in 324, where in modern Istanbul it still can be seen in the hippodrome, the Atmeydanı, although in damaged condition: the heads of the serpents have disappeared, however one is now on display at the nearby Istanbul Archaeology Museums.

Mehmed V hosted Kaiser Wilhelm II, his World War I ally, in Constantinople on 15 October 1917.

In the closing months of World War 1, Bennett undertook an intensive course in Turkish language at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, and was posted to Constantinople, where he held a sensitive position in Anglo-Turkish relations.

After the First World War and the Russian Revolution, many displaced people passed through Constantinople en route to the West.

War broke out between Mehmed and İsa, and following the battles of Ermeni-beli and Ulubad, Isa fled to Constantinople and Mehmed occupied Bursa.

However, the population of Constantinople considered the Isaurians as barbarians, and emperor Anastasius I had to fight a long war against Isaurian rebels ( Isaurian War, 492-497 ).

Victory in World War I seemed to promise an even greater realization of the Megali Idea, as Greece gained the Asia Minor city of Smyrna and its hinterland, the islands of Imbros and Tenedos, and Western and Eastern Thrace, the border then drawn a few miles from the walls of Constantinople: the imperial City seemed within reach.

He was a professor at the University of Constantinople during World War I, when he was an officer in the German army stationed in Turkey.