The people featured as cards in the set are: René Descartes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, Mary Wollstonecraft, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Sojourner Truth, Karl Marx, Sitting Bull, Rosa Luxemburg, Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman, Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Bertrand Russell, Michel Foucault, and Avram Noam Chomsky.

The curve was featured, along with a portrait of Descartes, on an Albanian stamp in 1966.

As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to Alhazen, René Descartes ( Discourse on the Method ) and Galileo Galilei.

Two locations on the Moon were given primary consideration for exploration by the Apollo 16 expedition, the Descartes Highlands region west of Mare Nectaris and the crater Alphonsus.

At Descartes, the Cayley and Descartes formations were the primary areas of interest in that scientists suspected, based on telescopic and orbital imagery, that the terrain found there was formed by magma more viscous than that which formed the lunar maria.

The considerable distance between the Descartes site and previous Apollo landing sites would be beneficial for the network of geophysical instruments, portions of which were deployed on each Apollo expedition beginning with Apollo 12.

With the assistance of orbital photography obtained on the Apollo 14 mission, the Descartes site was determined to be safe enough for a manned landing.

Analytic geometry has traditionally been attributed to René Descartes Descartes made significant progress with the methods in an essay entitled La Geometrie ( Geometry ), one of the three accompanying essays ( appendices ) published in 1637 together with his Discourse on the Method for Rightly Directing One's Reason and Searching for Truth in the Sciences, commonly referred to as Discourse on Method.

The phrase Cogito ergo sum is not used in Descartes ' Meditations on First Philosophy but the term " the cogito " is ( often confusingly ) used to refer to an argument from it.

As a consequence of this demonstration, Descartes considers science and mathematics to be justified to the extent that their proposals are established on a similarly immediate clarity, distinctiveness, and self-evidence that presents itself to the mind.

The originality of Descartes ' thinking, therefore, is not so much in expressing the cogito — a feat accomplished by other predecessors, as we shall see — but on using the cogito as demonstrating the most fundamental epistemological principle, that science and mathematics are justified by relying on clarity, distinctiveness, and self-evidence.

* R. Descartes ( translated by John Cottingham ), Meditations on First Philosophy, in The Philosophical Writings of Descartes vol.

While Western philosophical traditions, as exemplified by Descartes, equate mind with the conscious self and theorize on consciousness on the basis of mind / body dualism ; some Eastern philosophies provide an alternate viewpoint, intimately related to substance dualism, by drawing a metaphysical line between consciousness and matter — where matter includes both body and mind.

The historical, continental rationalism expounded by René Descartes is often regarded as antithetical to empiricism, while some contemporary rationalists assert that reason is strongest when it is supported by or consistent with empirical evidence and hence relies heavily on empirical science in analyzing justifications for belief.

They drew on the work of such mathematicians as Isaac Barrow and René Descartes.

The distinction is mostly applied to modern philosophy with philosophers such John Locke, David Hume and George Berkeley on the empiricist side, and René Descartes, Baruch Spinoza and Gottfried Leibniz on the other.

* The Descartes line, " I drink therefore I am ", is a twist on his well known phrase " Cogito, ergo sum ," or " I think therefore I am ".

He died suddenly of a stroke in 1961 at age 53, apparently while preparing for a class on Descartes.

Later on, Pierre Gassendi represented the materialist tradition, in opposition to René Descartes ' attempts to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations.

Both books were translated and released by French publisher Jeux Descartes in 1994 and 1995.

Some Chaosium products have been translated into French, Portuguese, Japanese, German, Spanish and Italian, and were available in France from Jeux Descartes, in Germany from Pegasus Press, in Spain from Joc Internacional and La factoría de ideas and in Italy from Stratelibri and Grifo Edizioni.

Cartesian means of or relating to the French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes — from his name — Rene Des-Cartes.

The adjective Cartesian refers to the French mathematician and philosopher René Descartes ( who used the name Cartesius in Latin ).

Nicole Oresme, a French cleric and friend of the dauphin ( later to become King Charles V ) of the 14th Century, used constructions similar to Cartesian coordinates well before the time of Descartes and Fermat.

In response to Hobbes, the French Philosopher Rene Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ) developed Cartesian Dualism, which posits that there is a divisible, mechanical body and an indivisible, immaterial mind which interact with one another.

* 1596 – René Descartes, French philosopher, mathematician and writer ( d. 1650 )

René Descartes (; Latinized form: Renatus Cartesius ; adjectival form: " Cartesian "; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650 ) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic.

Descartes stayed at the French ambassador Pierre Chanut.

A French translation, Principes de philosophie by Claude Picot, under the supervision of Descartes, appeared in 1647 with a letter-preface to Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia.

* Original texts of René Descartes in French at La Philosophie

* February 11 – René Descartes, French philosopher ( b. 1596 )

* March 31 – René Descartes, French philosopher and Mathematician ( d. 1650 )

In French, Snell's Law is called " la loi de Descartes " or " loi de Snell-Descartes.

In emphasising evolution and competition of ideas, Hayek highlighted the divide between practical liberalism that evolved in a haphazard way in England, championed by such people as David Hume and Adam Smith, versus the more theoretical approach of the French, in such people as Descartes and Rousseau.

Notable figures in French literature who never became academicians include Jean Jacques Rousseau, Jean-Paul Sartre, Joseph de Maistre, Honoré de Balzac, René Descartes, Denis Diderot, Gustave Flaubert, Molière, Marcel Proust, Jules Verne, Theophile Gautier, and Émile Zola.

Descartes was threatened with having his views condemned by a synod, but this was prevented by the intercession of the Prince of Orange ( at the request of the French Ambassador Servien ).

At times, the prohibitions of church and state followed each other, e. g. René Descartes was placed on the Index in the 1660s and the French government prohibited the teaching of Cartesianism in schools in the 1670s.

René Descartes, a French philosopher and the author of Meditations on First Philosophy, lived in the village from 1643 to 1649 before leaving Holland for Sweden.

Civilisation by Descartes ( 1989 ): French version.

The idea that animals might not feel pain as human beings feel it traces back to the 17th-century French philosopher, René Descartes, who argued that animals do not experience pain and suffering because they lack consciousness.

* Rene Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ) French philosopher and mathematician sometimes labelled " The Father of Modern Philosophy

* March 31-René Descartes, French philosopher ( died 1650 )

For instance French philosopher René Descartes lived in Leiden from 1628 until 1649.