Enheduanna ( Akkadian: ; 2285-2250 BCE ), also transliterated as Enheduana, En-hedu-ana or EnHeduAnna (" en " means High Priestess, and " hedu " means adornment, so this name translates to " high priestess adornment of the god, An "), was an Akkadian princess as well as High Priestess of the Moon god Nanna ( Sin ) in the Sumerian city-state of Ur.

En-hedu-ana ( 2, 285 BC – 2, 250 BC ), an Akkadian woman, was the first known holder of the title " EN Priestess ".

Manishtushu was the son of Sargon of Akkad and Queen Tashlultum, brother of En-hedu-ana and the father of Naram-Sin.

Naram-Sin's aunt was the High Priestess En-hedu-ana.

* Inanna was the only goddess that was associated with lions, for example a hymn by En-hedu-ana specifically mentions " Inanna, seated on crossed ( or harnessed ) lions "

Then, En-hedu-ana speaks in the first person to express her unhappiness at being exiled from the temple and the cities of Ur and Uruk.

En-hedu-ana, a priestess in Ancient Iraq who dedicated herself to the Sumerian goddess Inanna, has the distinction of signing the oldest-surviving signed poetry in history.

En-hedu-ana asks for intercession of Nanna.

Westenholz edited another fragmentary hymn dedicated to En-hedu-ana, apparently by an anonymous composer, indicating her apotheosis, becoming a deity following her death.

The oldest known name for Anatolia, " Land of the Hatti " was found for the first time on Mesopotamic cuneiform tablets from the period of the Akkadian dynasty ( 2350 – 2150 BC ).

The earliest historical records of Anatolia stem from the south east of the region, and are from the Mesopotamian based Akkadian Empire during the reign of Sargon of Akkad in the 24th century BC.

After the fall of the Akkadian empire in the mid 21st century BC, the Assyrians who were the northern branch of the Akkadian people, colonised parts of the region between the 21st and mid 18th centuries BC and claimed the resources, notably silver.

Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as a spoken language somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC ( the exact dating being a matter of debate ).

The Akkadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests of its founder Sargon of Akkad ( 2334 – 2279 BC ).

Speakers of the Akkadian language seem to have already been present in Mesopotamia at the dawn of the historical period, and soon achieved preeminence with the first Dynasty of Kish and numerous localities to the north of Sumer, where rulers with Akkadian names had already established themselves by the 3rd millennium BC.

It has also been recently suggested that the rapid climatic collapse, marking the Akkadian Dark Age, may have been responsible for the religiously prescribed prohibition against the raising and consumption of pigs that spread through the Ancient Middle East from the end of the third millennium BC.

Urban populations there had peaked already by 2, 600 BC, and ecological pressures were high, contributing to the rise of militarism apparent immediately prior to the Akkadian period ( as seen in the Stele of the Vultures of Eannatum ).

Flood levels, that had been stable from about 3, 000 to 2, 600 BC, had started falling, and by the Akkadian period were a half-meter to a meter lower than recorded previously.

Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as a spoken language somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC ( the exact dating being a matter of debate ), but Sumerian continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific language in Mesopotamia until the 1st century AD.

Assyria or Athura ( Aramaic for Assyria ) was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the late 25th or early – 24th century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia ( present day northern Iraq ), that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.

Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as the spoken language of Mesopotamia somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC ( the exact dating being a matter of debate ), but Sumerian continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific language in Mesopotamia until the 1st century AD.

By the 7th century BC, much of the Assyrian population used Akkadian influenced Eastern Aramaic and not Akkadian itself.

Amulet ( 800 BC – 612 BC ) to ward off plague inscribed with a quotation from the Akkadian Erra Epic

Hammurabi ( Akkadian from Amorite ʻAmmurāpi, " the kinsman is a healer ", from ʻAmmu, " paternal kinsman ", and Rāpi, " healer "; ( died c. 1750 BC ) was the sixth king of Babylon ( that is, of the First Babylonian Dynasty ) from 1792 BC to 1750 BC middle chronology ( 1728 BC – 1686 BC short chronology ).

Aplu, it is suggested, comes from the Akkadian Aplu Enlil, meaning " the son of Enlil ", a title that was given to the god Nergal, who was linked to Shamash, Babylonian god of the sun.

The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in Mesopotamia.

Under Sargon and his successors, Akkadian language was briefly imposed on neighboring conquered states such as Elam.

Reputedly it was destroyed by invading Gutians with the fall of the Akkadian Empire.

During the Akkadian period, the Akkadian language became the lingua franca of the Middle East, and was officially used for administration, although the Sumerian language remained as a spoken and literary language.

The spread of Akkadian stretched from Syria to Elam, and even the Elamite language was temporarily written in Mesopotamian cuneiform.

It has recently been suggested that the regional decline at the end of the Akkadian period ( and First Intermediary Period of the Ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom ) was associated with rapidly increasing aridity, and failing rainfall in the region of the Ancient Near East, caused by a global centennial-scale drought.

Peter B. deMenocal, has shown there was an influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the stream flow of the Tigris and Euphrates at this time, which led to the collapse of the Akkadian Empire ".

One strategy adopted by both Sargon and Naram-Sin, to maintain control of the country, was to install their daughters, Enheduanna and Emmenanna respectively, as high priestess to Sin, the Akkadian version of the Sumerian moon deity, Nanna, at Ur, in the extreme south of Sumer ; to install sons as provincial ensi governors in strategic locations ; and to marry their daughters to rulers of peripheral parts of the Empire ( Urkesh and Marhashe ).

Southern Iraq during Akkadian period seems to have been approaching its modern rainfall level of less than per year, with the result that agriculture was totally dependent upon irrigation.

The spread of the Akkadian state as far as the " silver mountain " ( possibly the Taurus Mountains ), the " cedars " of Lebanon, and the copper deposits of Magan, was largely motivated by the goal of securing control over these imports.

A cadastral survey seems also to have been instituted, and one of the documents relating to it states that a certain Uru-Malik, whose name appears to indicate his Canaanite origin, was governor of the land of the Amorites, or Amurru as the semi-nomadic people of Syria and Canaan were called in Akkadian.

It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur ( Akkadian: ; Aramaic: ; Hebrew: ; Arabic: ).

In the Neo-Assyrian period the Aramaic language became increasingly common, more so than Akkadian — this was thought to be largely due to the mass deportations undertaken by Assyrian kings, in which large Aramaic-speaking populations, conquered by the Assyrians, were relocated to Assyria and interbred with the Assyrians.

According to the Akkadian transcription in the Amarna letters, Anubis ' name was vocalized in Egyptian as Anapa.

Lachmo was the Akkadian god of fertility.

Chaldea or Chaldaea (), from Greek, Chaldaia ; Akkadian ; Hebrew כשדים, Kaśdim ; Aramaic: ܟܐܠܕܘ, Kaldo ) was a marshy land located in south eastern Mesopotamia which came to rule Babylon briefly.

The language used by the Chaldeans was the Babylonian dialect of Akkadian, the same Semitic language, save for slight peculiarities in sound and in characters, as Assyrian Akkadian.

In July, 2010, archaeologists reported that a fragmentary Akkadian cuneiform tablet was discovered at Tel Hazor, Israel, containing a ca.

The Etruscans coming from northern Anatolia also worshipped Apollo, and it may be that he was originally identical with Mesopotamian Aplu, an Akkadian title meaning " son ", originally given to the plague God Nergal, son of Enlil.