Several space observatories did the same, including the Hubble Space Telescope, the ROSAT X-ray observing satellite, and significantly the Galileo spacecraft, then on its way to a rendezvous with Jupiter scheduled for 1995.

Galileo is a global navigation satellite system ( GNSS ) currently being built by the European Union ( EU ) and European Space Agency ( ESA ).

Although a decision was yet to be reached, on 13 July 2007 EU countries discussed cutting € 548m ($ 755m, £ 370m ) from the union's competitiveness budget for the following year and shifting some of that cash to other parts of the financing pot, a move that could meet part of the cost of the union's Galileo satellite navigation system.

* GIOVE-A is the first GIOVE ( Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element ) test satellite.

These testbed satellites will be followed by four IOV Galileo satellites that will be much closer to the final Galileo satellite design.

After releasing its atmospheric probe on 13 July 1995, the Galileo orbiter became the first man-made satellite of Jupiter at 00: 27 UT on 8 December 1995 when it fired its main engine to enter a 198-day parking orbit.

* The United States GPS, European Galileo and Russian GLONASS satellite navigation systems

For testing receivers that will use the new Galileo ( satellite navigation ) there is no alternative, as the real signals do not yet exist.

Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry, with the headquarters of Airbus, Galileo positioning system, the SPOT satellite system, ATR ( aircraft manufacturer ), the Aerospace Valley, considered as a cluster global, the city also host l ' Oncopole de Toulouse, the largest cancer research centre in Europe, the European headquarters of Intel and CNES's Toulouse Space Centre ( CST ), the largest space centre in Europe.

It was the last planetary satellite to be discovered by direct visual observation ( as opposed to photographically ) and was the first new satellite of Jupiter since Galileo Galilei's discovery of the Galilean satellites in 1610.

Amalthea provided the final satellite fly-by for Galileo on November 5, 2002, at a height of approximately, permitting the moon's mass to be accurately determined, while changing Galileo's trajectory so that it would plunge into Jupiter in September 2003, having finished its mission.

Examples of satellite constellations include the Global Positioning System ( GPS ), Galileo and GLONASS constellations for navigation and geodesy, the Iridium and Globalstar satellite telephony services, the Disaster Monitoring Constellation and RapidEye for remote sensing, the Orbcomm messaging service, Russian elliptic orbit Molniya and Tundra constellations, the large-scale Teledesic and Skybridge broadband constellation proposals of the 1990s, and the proposed LEO global backhaul constellation named COMMStellation ™.

# REDIRECT Galileo ( satellite navigation )

The civil portion of the British space programme focused on space science, Earth observation, satellite telecommunications, and global navigation ( for example GPS and Galileo ).

It includes the tools and techniques used in land surveying, remote sensing, cartography, geographic information systems ( GIS ), global navigation satellite systems ( GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass ), photogrammetry, geography and related forms of earth mapping.

ASI is a participant in many of ESA's programmes in the field of Earth Observation such as ERS-1, ERS-2, ENVISAT, the Meteosat series and the Galileo satellite navigation system.

# REDIRECT Galileo ( satellite navigation )

Marius ' names were not widely adopted until centuries later, and in much of the earlier astronomical literature, Io was generally referred to by its Roman numeral designation ( a system introduced by Galileo ) as "", or as " the first satellite of Jupiter ".

* Galileo European satellite navigation system,

A Galileo ( satellite navigation ) | Galileo test environment Pseudolite in the Berchtesgaden Alps

There are also the planned European Union Galileo positioning system, Chinese Compass navigation system, and Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System.

GETR receivers are supplied by Septentrio as well as the first Galileo navigation receivers to be used to test the functioning of the system at further stages of its deployment.

CNES is taking part in the Galileo navigation programme alongside the European Union and ESA, and — in a wider international context — in the Cospas-Sarsat search-and-rescue system.

DME operation will continue and possibly expand as an alternate navigation source to space-based navigational systems such as GPS and Galileo.

* GNSS-2 is the second generation of systems that independently provides a full civilian satellite navigation system, exemplified by the European Galileo positioning system.

* Core Satellite navigation systems, currently GPS ( U. S .), GLONASS ( Russia ), Compass ( China ), and Galileo ( EU ).

Global navigation systems, such as GPS, GLONASS, COMPASS or Galileo, need to take the rotation of the Earth into account in the procedures of using radio signals to synchronize clocks.

SELEX Galileo is a major defence electronics company that specialises in surveillance, protection, tracking, targeting, navigation and control, and imaging systems.

Nowadays, several hundred geodetic satellites are in orbit, supplemented by a large number of remote sensing satellites and navigation systems like GPS and Glonass, which will be followed by the European Galileo satellites in 2013.

Real Time Kinematic ( RTK ) satellite navigation is a technique used in land survey and in hydrographic survey based on the use of carrier phase measurements of the GPS, GLONASS and / or Galileo signals where a single reference station provides the real-time corrections, providing up to centimetre-level accuracy.

* 1960 – The United States launches Transit 1-B, the world's first satellite navigation system.

More advanced systems use inertial guidance, satellite navigation and terrain contour matching ( TERCOM ).

Some missiles can be fitted with any of a variety of navigation systems ( Inertial navigation, TERCOM, or satellite navigation ).

The Global Positioning System ( GPS ) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.

The first satellite navigation system, Transit, used by the United States Navy, was first successfully tested in 1960.

Additionally, following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the United States Government wrote to the European Union opposing the project, arguing that it would end the ability of the United States to shut down satellite navigation in times of military operations.

Paul Verhoef, the then current satellite navigation program manager at the European Commission indicated that this limited funding would have serious consequences commenting at one point " To give you an idea, that would mean that for three weeks in the year you will not have satellite navigation " in reference to the currently proposed 18 vehicle constellation.

In November 2006, China opted instead to independently develop the Beidou navigation system satellite navigation system.

For more information of the concept of global satellite navigation systems, see GNSS and GNSS positioning calculation.

The ring shows different modes of transport, an aeroplane, a car, a container ship, a train and a lorry, for which satellite navigation was developed.

However, there have been attempts to enhance and re-popularize LORAN, mainly to serve as a backup and land-based alternative to GPS and other satellite navigation systems.

Artificially generated radio waves are used for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other navigation systems, satellite communication, computer networks and innumerable other applications.

Mobile satellite systems help connect remote regions, vehicles, ships, people and aircraft to other parts of the world and / or other mobile or stationary communications units, in addition to serving as navigation systems.

The relatively clear line of sight between the satellites and receivers on the ground, combined with ever-improving electronics, allows satellite navigation systems to measure location to accuracies on the order of a few meters in real time.

The in-dash, touch-screen satellite navigation system is Bluetooth compatible, and has the premium stereo integrated.

The XT Premium comes with a multi-information in-dash satellite navigation system and single CD / DVD player ( 7-inch touch screen ).

** United States launches navigation satellite Transit I-b.