There are also the planned European Union Galileo positioning system, Chinese Compass navigation system, and Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System.

Galileo is a global navigation satellite system ( GNSS ) currently being built by the European Union ( EU ) and European Space Agency ( ESA ).

One of the aims of Galileo is to provide a high-precision positioning system upon which European nations can rely, independently from the Russian GLONASS, US GPS, and Chinese Compass systems, which can be disabled in times of war or conflict.

The first satellites bear the names of eleven-year-old Thijs from Belgium and nine-year-old Natalia from Bulgaria who are the first winners of the European Commission's Galileo children's drawing competition.

The first stage of the Galileo programme was agreed upon officially on 26 May 2003 by the European Union and the European Space Agency.

In June 2004, in a signed agreement with the United States, the European Union agreed to switch to a modulation known as BOC ( 1, 1 ) ( Binary Offset Carrier 1. 1 ) allowing the coexistence of both GPS and Galileo, and the future combined use of both systems.

When Galileo was viewed as a private-sector development with public-sector financial participation, European Commission program managers sought Chinese participation in pursuit of Chinese cash in the short term and privileged access to China ’ s market for positioning and timing applications in the longer term.

However, due to security and technology-independence policy from European Commission, China was, in effect, dis-invited from Galileo and without a return of its monetary investment, a decision that was reinforced by China ’ s move to build its own global system, called Beidou / Compass.

At the Munich Satellite Navigation Summit on March 10, a Chinese government official asked the European Commission why it no longer wanted to work with China, and when China ’ s cash investment in Galileo would be returned.

Letter from Paul Wolfowitz to the Minister ( government ) | Ministers of the Member State of the European Union | EU states from December 2001 as part of the US-lobbying campaign against Galileo

A primary motivation for the Galileo project was European concern that the US could deny others access to GPS during political disagreements.

An anonymous European official claimed that the US officials implied that they might consider shooting down Galileo satellites in the event of a major conflict in which Galileo was used in attacks against American forces.

This project, led by ESA and European Satellite Navigation Industries, has provided industry with fundamental knowledge to develop the mission segment of the Galileo positioning system.

It was built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd ( SSTL ), and successfully launched on 28 December 2005 by the European Space Agency and the Galileo Joint.

The European Commission also announced that the 85 million euro contract for system support covering industrial services required by ESA for integration and validation of the Galileo system had been awarded to Thales Alenia Space.

Beyond membership in the European Union, France is also involved in many joint European projects such as Airbus, the Galileo positioning system and the Eurocorps.

These devices were developed by several European scientists in the 16th and 17th centuries, notably Galileo Galilei.

* The United States GPS, European Galileo and Russian GLONASS satellite navigation systems

Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry, with the headquarters of Airbus, Galileo positioning system, the SPOT satellite system, ATR ( aircraft manufacturer ), the Aerospace Valley, considered as a cluster global, the city also host l ' Oncopole de Toulouse, the largest cancer research centre in Europe, the European headquarters of Intel and CNES's Toulouse Space Centre ( CST ), the largest space centre in Europe.

The third constellation will be the European Union Galileo system when it becomes fully operational.

Several space observatories did the same, including the Hubble Space Telescope, the ROSAT X-ray observing satellite, and significantly the Galileo spacecraft, then on its way to a rendezvous with Jupiter scheduled for 1995.

Although a decision was yet to be reached, on 13 July 2007 EU countries discussed cutting € 548m ($ 755m, £ 370m ) from the union's competitiveness budget for the following year and shifting some of that cash to other parts of the financing pot, a move that could meet part of the cost of the union's Galileo satellite navigation system.

* GIOVE-A is the first GIOVE ( Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element ) test satellite.

These testbed satellites will be followed by four IOV Galileo satellites that will be much closer to the final Galileo satellite design.

After releasing its atmospheric probe on 13 July 1995, the Galileo orbiter became the first man-made satellite of Jupiter at 00: 27 UT on 8 December 1995 when it fired its main engine to enter a 198-day parking orbit.

For testing receivers that will use the new Galileo ( satellite navigation ) there is no alternative, as the real signals do not yet exist.

It was the last planetary satellite to be discovered by direct visual observation ( as opposed to photographically ) and was the first new satellite of Jupiter since Galileo Galilei's discovery of the Galilean satellites in 1610.

Amalthea provided the final satellite fly-by for Galileo on November 5, 2002, at a height of approximately, permitting the moon's mass to be accurately determined, while changing Galileo's trajectory so that it would plunge into Jupiter in September 2003, having finished its mission.

Examples of satellite constellations include the Global Positioning System ( GPS ), Galileo and GLONASS constellations for navigation and geodesy, the Iridium and Globalstar satellite telephony services, the Disaster Monitoring Constellation and RapidEye for remote sensing, the Orbcomm messaging service, Russian elliptic orbit Molniya and Tundra constellations, the large-scale Teledesic and Skybridge broadband constellation proposals of the 1990s, and the proposed LEO global backhaul constellation named COMMStellation ™.

* Galileo ( satellite navigation )

# REDIRECT Galileo ( satellite navigation )

The civil portion of the British space programme focused on space science, Earth observation, satellite telecommunications, and global navigation ( for example GPS and Galileo ).

It includes the tools and techniques used in land surveying, remote sensing, cartography, geographic information systems ( GIS ), global navigation satellite systems ( GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass ), photogrammetry, geography and related forms of earth mapping.

ASI is a participant in many of ESA's programmes in the field of Earth Observation such as ERS-1, ERS-2, ENVISAT, the Meteosat series and the Galileo satellite navigation system.

# REDIRECT Galileo ( satellite navigation )

Marius ' names were not widely adopted until centuries later, and in much of the earlier astronomical literature, Io was generally referred to by its Roman numeral designation ( a system introduced by Galileo ) as "", or as " the first satellite of Jupiter ".

A Galileo ( satellite navigation ) | Galileo test environment Pseudolite in the Berchtesgaden Alps

GETR receivers are supplied by Septentrio as well as the first Galileo navigation receivers to be used to test the functioning of the system at further stages of its deployment.

CNES is taking part in the Galileo navigation programme alongside the European Union and ESA, and — in a wider international context — in the Cospas-Sarsat search-and-rescue system.

DME operation will continue and possibly expand as an alternate navigation source to space-based navigational systems such as GPS and Galileo.

* GNSS-2 is the second generation of systems that independently provides a full civilian satellite navigation system, exemplified by the European Galileo positioning system.

* Core Satellite navigation systems, currently GPS ( U. S .), GLONASS ( Russia ), Compass ( China ), and Galileo ( EU ).

Global navigation systems, such as GPS, GLONASS, COMPASS or Galileo, need to take the rotation of the Earth into account in the procedures of using radio signals to synchronize clocks.

SELEX Galileo is a major defence electronics company that specialises in surveillance, protection, tracking, targeting, navigation and control, and imaging systems.

Nowadays, several hundred geodetic satellites are in orbit, supplemented by a large number of remote sensing satellites and navigation systems like GPS and Glonass, which will be followed by the European Galileo satellites in 2013.

Real Time Kinematic ( RTK ) satellite navigation is a technique used in land survey and in hydrographic survey based on the use of carrier phase measurements of the GPS, GLONASS and / or Galileo signals where a single reference station provides the real-time corrections, providing up to centimetre-level accuracy.