* 1955 – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

* 1642 – Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( d. 1723 )

Because Albert was a member of the Brandenburg-Ansbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern, it had been hoped that his election as Grand Master would reverse the decline of the Teutonic Knights since 1410 ; Duke Frederick of Saxony of the House of Wettin had been elected for the same reason.

His mother was Sophia, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, and his wife Elisabeth of Austria.

Duke Frederick of Saxony, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, died in December 1510.

Albert was chosen as his successor early in 1511 in the hope that his relationship to his maternal uncle, Sigismund I the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, would facilitate a settlement of the disputes over eastern Prussia, which had been held by the Order under Polish suzerainty since the Second Peace of Thorn ( 1466 ).

Alexander (; ) ( 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506 ) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland.

He was elected Grand Duke of Lithuania on the death of his father ( 1492 ), and King of Poland on the death of his brother John I Albert ( 1501 ).

For want of funds, Alexander was unable to resist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Tatars.

The most the Grand Duke of Lithuania could do was to garrison Smolensk and other strongholds and employ his wife Helena, the Tsar's daughter, to mediate a truce between his father-in-law and himself after the disastrous Battle of Vedrosha ( 1500 ).

Great solicitude was devoted to the education of Nicolas as tsarevich, whereas Alexander received only the training of an ordinary Grand Duke of that period.

* Alexander Jagiellon ( 1461 – 1506 ), Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland

In the summer of 1214, Andrew had a meeting with Grand Duke Leszek I of Poland and they agreed that they would divide the Principality of Halych between Hungary and Poland.

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

* 1917 – Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia ( d. 1992 )

* 1574 – Cosimo I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( b. 1519 )

* Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Oldenburg-1905

She was the daughter of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

Charles was born in Florence, Tuscany, where his father was then Grand Duke.

In Florence on 8 September 1787 ( by proxy ) and again in Dresden on 18 October 1787 ( in person ), Anton married a second time with the Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria ( Maria Theresia Josephe Charlotte Johanna ), daughter of the Grand Duke Leopold I of Tuscany, later Emperor Leopold II.

Its roots lay in the arts and crafts school founded by the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1906 and directed by Belgian Art Nouveau architect Henry van de Velde.

Realising the danger, the Duke of Marlborough resolved to alleviate the peril to Vienna by marching his forces south from Bedburg and help maintain Emperor Leopold within the Grand Alliance.

The year 1705 proved almost entirely barren for the Duke whose military disappointments were only partly compensated by efforts on the diplomatic front where, at the courts of Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Vienna, Berlin and Hanover, Marlborough sought to bolster support for the Grand Alliance and extract promises of prompt assistance for the following year ’ s campaign.

* 1506 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Crimean Khanate in the Battle of Kletsk

Category: Grand Dukes of Lithuania

Category: Grand Crosses of the Order of the Cross of Vytis ( Lithuania )

1309 – 26 May 1339 ) was the Queen of Poland ( 1333 – 1339 ), and the Princess of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

In 1411, the First Peace of Thorn ended the Polish – Lithuanian – Teutonic War, in which the Teutonic Knights fought the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

* 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau.

The Jagiellon dynasty period brought close ties with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, cultural development and territorial expansion, culminating in the establishment of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569.

In the south, Poland confronted the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Tatars, and in the east helped Lithuania fight the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

Piłsudski's planned East European federation of states ( inspired by the tradition of the multiethnic " Republic of Both Nations " and including a hypothetical multinational successor state to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ) was incompatible, at the time of rising national movements, with his assumption of Polish domination and with the encroachment on the neighboring peoples ' lands and aspirations ; as such it was doomed to failure.

The Treaty of Riga of 1921 settled the eastern border, preserving for Poland, at the cost of partitioning the lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Lithuania and Belarus ) and Ukraine, a good portion of the old Commonwealth's eastern lands.

Ivan competed with his powerful northwestern rival, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, for control over some of the semi-independent Upper Principalities in the upper Dnieper and Oka River basins.

* 1564 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Tsardom of Russia in the Battle of Ula during the Livonian War.

* 1569 – The King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Sigismund II Augustus finally sign the document of union between Poland and Lithuania, creating new country known as Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The core of the Lithuanian Land Force structure is the Iron Wolf Mechanised Infantry Brigade ( MIB " Iron Wolf ") consisting of two mechanized infantry battalions ( King Mindaugas and Lithuanian Grand Duke Algirdas battalions ), two motorized infantry battalions ( Grand Duchess Birutė and Lithuanian Grand Duke Kestutis battalions ), artillery battalion and Lithuanian Duke Vaidotas Forward support battalion.

** Władysław II Jagiello succeeds his father, Algirdas, as Grand Duke of Lithuania.

* May – Algirdas, Grand Prince of Lithuania

His parents were Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife, Uliana, daughter of Alexander I, Grand Prince of Tver.

In 1377 – 78, Andrei of Polotsk, the eldest son of Algirdas, challenged Jogaila's authority and sought to become the Grand Duke.

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania profited from this situation and pushed deeper into the Golden Horde territory than any previous expedition and the Grand Duke Algirdas defeated forces of Murad Khan at the battle of Blue Waters c. 1362.

In 1320 the city was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a dowry of the Princess Maria, the first wife of Algirdas.

In the 13th century, the Mongols plundered Ponizie ; Algirdas ( Olgierd ), prince of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, freed it from their rule following his victory against the Golden Horde in the Battle of Blue Waters of 1362, annexing it to his own territories under the name of Podolia, which has the same meaning as Ponizie.

The knight on horseback without a specific name was mentioned in the Tobolsk Chronicle as a symbol of Narimantas, but the charging knight is known to have been first used as the state emblem in 1366 on the seal of the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Algirdas.

The emblem was handed down through the generations, from Algirdas to his son, Grand Duke Jogaila, then to Jogaila's cousin Grand Duke Vytautas and others.

Algirdas was the Grand Duke of Lithuania, and Kęstutis was primarily responsible for defense against the Teutonic Knights.

However, after Algirdas ' death in 1377, his son Jogaila, became Grand Duke.

The island of Klichen was first mentioned in a letter sent by Grand Duke Algirdas of Lithuania to the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in 1371.

It features on the seal of the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Algirdas, which marks a document dating from 1366.

The symbol of the charging knight on horseback passed down through the generations: from Algirdas to his son, Grand Duke Jogaila ( ruled 1377-1392 ), then to Grand Duke Vytautas ruled 1392-1430 ) and to others.

According to historian Teodor Narbutt ( 1784 – 1864 ), the painting was acquired by Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania ( 1345 – 1377 ), as a war trophy from Crimea.

Cimburgis was born at Warsaw in the Duchy of Masovia to Duke Siemovit IV of the Masovian Piast dynasty and his wife Alexandra of Lithuania, daughter of Grand Duke Algirdas, a scion of the Gediminid dynasty, and sister of Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland.

He was the Duke of Trakai and governed the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1342 – 82, together with his brother Algirdas ( until 1377 ), and with his nephew Jogaila ( until 1381 ).