Philippe Henri, comte de Grimoard ( 1753 – 1815 ) was a French soldier and military writer.

The Blessed Pope Urban V ( 1310 – 19 December 1370 ), born William de Grimoard, reigned as Pope from 1362 to 1370.

He was born in 1310 in the Castle of Grizac in the French region of Languedoc ( today part of the commune of Le Pont-de-Montvert, department of Lozère ), the son of William de Grimoard, Lord of Bellegarde, and of Amphélise de Montferrand.

As a young man, Grimoard became a Benedictine monk in the small Priory of Chirac, near his home, which was a dependency of the ancient Abbey of St. Victor near Marseille, and he was sent there for his novitiate.

Grimoard was a compromise candidate who was elected due to the fact that none of the cardinals voting in the conclave wished to serve.

The faculty numbered among its illustrious pupils of law Petrarch, who spent four years at Montpellier, and among its lecturers Guillaume de Nogaret, chancellor to Philip the Fair, Guillaume de Grimoard, afterwards pope under the name of Urban V, and Pedro de Luna, antipope as Benedict XIII.

In better days, among Montpellier's illustrious pupils of law were Petrarch, who spent four years at Montpellier, and among its lecturers were William of Nogaret, chancellor to Philip IV, Guillaume de Grimoard, afterwards Pope Urban V, and Pedro de Luna, afterwards antipope Benedict XIII.

In 1791 Grimoard was entrusted with the preparation of the scheme of defence for France, which proved two years later of great assistance to the Committee of Public Safety.

* Ange de Grimoard ( 1315 / 20-1388 ) ( 1366, 1373, deposed by Urban VI in 1378, retained the post in the obedience of Avignon until 1388 )

* Ange de Grimoard ( until 1388 )

* Angelic de Grimoard, brother of Pope Urban V

fr: Philippe Henri de Grimoard

sl: Philippe Henri, Comte de Grimoard

de: Philippe-Henri de Ségur

pl: Philippe-Henri de Ségur

French Enlightenment masterpieces such as Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon ’ s Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière ( begun in 1749 ) and Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d ' Alembert ’ s Encyclopédie ( volumes added between 1751 and 1772 ) thus became Ampère ’ s schoolmasters.

* 1741 – Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse, French navy officer and explorer ( d. 1788 )

* 1717 – Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat ( d. 1787 )

Meanwhile, a new threat arose from abroad: Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, Frederick William II of Prussia, and the King's brother Charles-Philippe, comte d ' Artois, issued the Declaration of Pillnitz, which considered the cause of Louis XVI as their own, demanded his absolute liberty and implied an invasion of France on his behalf if the revolutionary authorities refused its conditions.

* 1725 – Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, French nobleman and soldier ( d. 1807 )

The comte d ' Angiviller broadened the collection and in 1776 proposed conversion of the Grande Galerie of the Louvre – which contained maps – into the " French Museum ".

On 25 June 1673, while preparing to storm the city, captain-lieutenant Charles de Batz de Castelmore, also known as the comte d ' Artagnan, was killed by a musket shot outside Tongerse Poort.

* 1611 – François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-born French commander ( d. 1656 )

* Aldo Cecconi as Charles, comte d ' Artois

* November 1 – François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-born French commander ( d. 1656 )

** Louise de La Fayette, daughter of John, comte de La Fayette ( d. 1665 )

* June 30 – Jacques Dominique, comte de Cassini, French astronomer ( d. 1845 )

* March 12 – Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie, French general ( d. 1727 )

* December 20 – Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat ( d. 1785 )

* June 21 – Luc Urbain de Bouexic, comte de Guichen, French admiral ( d. 1790 )

** Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, captain of the Scottish Guard of Henry II of France ( d. 1574 )

Before reaching Versailles, she also met her future brothers-in-law, Louis Stanislas Xavier, comte de Provence ; and Charles Philippe, comte d ' Artois, who came to play important roles during and after her life.

Others taken into her confidence at this time included her husband's brother, the comte d ' Artois ; their youngest sister, Madame Élisabeth ; her sister-in-law, the comtesse de Provence ; and Christoph Willibald Gluck, her former music teacher, whom she took under her patronage upon his arrival in France.

Marie Antoinette's situation became more precarious when, on 6 August 1775, her sister-in-law, the comtesse d ' Artois, gave birth to a son, the duc d ' Angoulême ( who later became the presumptive heir to the French throne when his father, the comte d ' Artois, became King Charles X of France in 1824 ).

Among her rumored lovers were her close friend, the princesse de Lamballe, and her handsome brother-in-law, the comte d ' Artois, with whom the queen had a good rapport.

In the days and weeks that followed, many of the most conservative, reactionary royalists, including the comte d ' Artois and the duchesse de Polignac, fled France for fear of assassination.

Though most of Provence, with the exception of Marseille, Aix and Avignon, was rural, conservative and largely royalist, it did produce some memorable figures in the French Revolution ; Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau from Aix, who tried to moderate the Revolution, and turn France into a constitutional monarchy like England ; the Marquis de Sade from Lacoste in the Luberon, who was a Deputy from the far left in the National Assembly ; Charles Barbaroux from Marseille, who sent a battalion of volunteers to Paris to fight in the French Revolutionary Army ; and Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès ( 1748 – 1836 ), an abbé, essayist and political leader, who was one of the chief theorists of the French Revolution, French Consulate, and First French Empire, and who, in 1799, was the instigator of the coup d ' état of 18 Brumaire, which brought Napoleon to power.

The immensely famous Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Lettres portugaises ) ( 1669 ) generally attributed to Gabriel-Joseph de La Vergne, comte de Guilleragues, though a small minority still regard Marianna Alcoforado as the author, is claimed to be intended to be part of a miscellany of Guilleragues prose and poetry.

The " Royalist democrats " or monarchiens, allied with Necker, inclined toward organising France along lines similar to the British constitutional model ; they included Jean Joseph Mounier, the Comte de Lally-Tollendal, the comte de Clermont-Tonnerre, and Pierre Victor Malouet, comte de Virieu.

In 1782, during the American Revolutionary War, a French squadron under Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse captured and demolished York Factory and Prince of Wales Fort.

Admiral de Grasse defeated a British fleet at Chesapeake Bay while Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau and Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette joined American forces in defeating the British at Yorktown.

During his life Henri, comte de Chambord, as the grandson of Charles X, had refused to abandon the fleur-de-lys and the white flag.

* 1707 – Philibert, comte de Gramont, French writer ( b. 1621 )

A hall was opened by Le Normant de Tournehem and the Marquis de Marigny for public viewing of the Tableaux du Roy on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and contained Andrea del Sarto's Charity and works by Raphael ; Titian ; Veronese ; Rembrandt ; Poussin or Van Dyck, until its closing in 1780 as a result of the gift of the palace to the comte de Provence by the king in 1778.

The marble Laocoön provided the central image for Lessing's Laocoön, 1766, an aesthetic polemic directed against Winckelmann and the comte de Caylus.

The west coast of Grande Terre was approached by Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse in 1788, shortly before his disappearance, and the Loyalty Islands were first visited in 1796.

This could only have been a reference to the expedition then in the Pacific commanded by Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse.

* 1781 – At Yorktown, Virginia, representatives of British commander Lord Cornwallis handed over Cornwallis ' sword and formally surrendered to George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau.

Lake Superior's Isles Phelipeaux and Pontchartrain, which appeared on explorers ' maps for many years, were named for Louis Phélypeaux, marquis de La Vrilliere, comte de Pontchartrain.

Liberalism, was represented in France by the Orleanists who rallied to the Third Republic only in the late 19th century, after the comte de Chambord's 1883 death and the 1891 papal encyclical Rerum Novarum.

Restoration of the monarchy was almost realized in 1873 with parliament offering the crown to Henri, comte de Chambord, but his refusal to accept the tricolor flag that had been adopted during the Revolution made the restoration of monarchy impossible for the time being.

* January 14 – François Joseph Paul, marquis de Grasetilly, comte de Grasse, French admiral ( b. 1722 )

** Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat ( b. 1717 )

* January 10 – Philibert, comte de Gramont, French writer ( b. 1621 )