Injury to the optic nerve can be the result of congenital or inheritable problems like Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, glaucoma, trauma, toxicity, inflammation, ischemia, infection ( very rarely ), or compression from tumors or aneurysms.

* Hereditary spherocytosis, a genetic disorder marked by hemolytic anemia

Hereditary spherocytosis is a genetically-transmitted ( autosomal dominant ) form of spherocytosis, an auto-hemolytic anemia characterized by the production of red blood cells that are sphere-shaped rather than bi-concave disk shaped ( Donut-Shaped ), and therefore more prone to hemolysis.

Hereditary ( inherited ) hemolytic anemia can be due to membrane defects:

Hereditary ( inherited ) hemolytic anemia can be due to defects in hemoglobin:

Hereditary ( inherited ) hemolytic anemia can be due to enzyme defects:

Hereditary peerage dignities may be created with writs of summons or by letters patent ; the former method is now obsolete.

Hereditary peers may no longer pass on a seat in the House of Lords to their heir automatically.

If there is a male heir apparent, he may be granted the style ' Hereditary Grand Duke '.

Hereditary haemochromatosis is characterized by an accelerated rate of intestinal iron absorption and progressive iron deposition in various tissues that typically begins to be expressed in the third to fifth decades of life, but may occur in children.

Due to the heavy influx of American Quarter Horse breeding, some Paints may also carry genetic disorders such as Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis ( HYPP ), Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia ( HERDA ), Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy ( called PSSM-polysaccharide storage myopathy-in Paints, Quarter Horses and Appaloosas ), Malignant hyperthermia ( MH ) and Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency ( GBED ).

Hereditary peerages in other countries may or may not be regulated by the government ; quite often a republic will treat a peerage as a private matter, having no power in the state, and over which the state has no concern.

Samoyeds can be affected by a genetic disease known as " Samoyed Hereditary Glomerulopathy ", a renal disease.

Although the Egyptian monarchy was abolished in 1953, the title continues to be used by Muhammad Ali, Prince of Said and Hereditary Chief, Sheikh Beja Khawr al ` allaqi, Prince of Sa ' id.

Hereditary monarchies most usually arrange succession by a legislated, definite order of succession so that it is well-known beforehand who will be the next monarch.

Some time later, Duke Charles also sent his two surviving sons, the Hereditary Prince George and Charles, to be raised by their grandmother.

Hereditary forms of ovarian cancer can be caused by mutations in specific genes ( most notably BRCA1 and BRCA2, but also in genes for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ).

Hereditary peerages continued to be created after 1958 but when Harold Wilson, of the Labour Party, became Prime Minister in 1964 he ceased to recommend the creation of hereditary peerages.

Hereditary Hohenzollern sovereignty was only agreed on for the Duchy of Prussia, while Ermland ( Ermeland, Warmia ) was to be returned to Poland.

It is not to be confused with the ruling Prince's title " Sovereign Prince of Monaco ", from which the first word is commonly dropped, or with the title of the heir apparent or presumptive to the throne, Hereditary Prince of Monaco.

Underneath the arms is the inscription Was unter Hessens Lust Erbprinz Wilhelm gebaut, sei Dir, o wahrer Gott, zur Pflege nun vertraut (“ That built under Hesse ’ s desire Hereditary Prince William, be it trusted unto Thee, O true God, for its care ”).

* 16 July 2005 – present: assumed to be His Imperial Highness Won, Hereditary Prince Imperial of Korea

Since a male child of hers could inherit the throne some day, it would be advantageous to arrange a marriage early, and to marry the " half-royal " back into the family, to the Hereditary Prince of Augustenborg.

Hereditary forms are usually autosomal dominant, and instances of autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance also occur.

Hereditary disorders causing ataxia include autosomal dominant ones such as spinocerebellar ataxia, episodic ataxia, and dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy, as well as autosomal recessive disorders such as Friedreich's ataxia ( sensory and cerebellar, with the former predominating ) and Niemann Pick disease, ataxia-telangiectasia ( sensory and cerebellar, with the latter predominating ), and abetalipoproteinaemia.

Can occur due to autosomal dominant diseases, such as Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia.

Hereditary spherocytosis is an autosomal dominant or recessive trait, most commonly ( though not exclusively ) found in Northern European and Japanese families, although an estimated 25 % of cases are due to spontaneous mutations.

Hereditary haemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder with estimated prevalence in the population of 1 in 500 among patients with European ancestry, with lower incidence in other ethnic groups.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.

Hereditary aniridia is usually transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner ( each offspring has a 50 % chance of being affected ), although rare autosomal recessive forms ( such as Gillespie syndrome ) have also been reported.

Hereditary angioedema ( HAE ) exists in three forms, all of which are caused by a genetic mutation that is inherited in an autosomal dominant form.

Lynch syndrome ( HNPCC or Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition which has a high risk of colon cancer as well as other cancers including endometrium, ovary, stomach, small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, upper urinary tract, brain, and skin.

* Diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma ( also known as " Diffuse orthohyperkeratotic keratoderma ," " Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma ," " Keratosis extremitatum progrediens ," " Keratosis palmoplantaris diffusa circumscripta ," " Tylosis ," and " Unna-Thost disease ") is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition and is present from infancy, characterized by a well-demarcated, symmetric, often " waxy " keratoderma involving the whole of the palms and soles

* Focal palmoplantar keratoderma with oral mucosal hyperkeratosis ( also known as " Hereditary painful callosity syndrome ," " Keratosis follicularis ," and " Keratosis palmoplantaris nummularis ") is an autosomal dominant keratoderma that represents a clinical overlap syndrome with pachyonychia congenita type I but without the classic nail involvement

Hereditary PSD is an autosomal dominant condition, resulting in a 50 percent chance of passing the disease to offspring.

Hereditary inclusion body myopathies comprise both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant muscle disorders that have a variable expression ( phenotype ) in individual patients, but all share similar structural features in the muscles.

His services were rewarded in 1498 when Maximilian bestowed upon him the title of Hereditary Governor ( potestat ) of Friesland, but he had to make good his claim by force of arms.

Hereditary, hierarchical and closed, marriages across caste lines was strongly opposed.

Whatever the truth Olympia, rather than face trial, subsequently fled France for Brussels in January 1680, leaving Eugene in the care of his father's mother, Marie de Bourbon, and her daughter, Hereditary Princess of Baden, mother of Prince Louis of Baden.

* Hereditary & lineage organization records, e. g. Daughters of the American Revolution records

Reasoning that eminence is caused by genetic traits, he did a study of their heritability, publishing it in 1869 as Hereditary Genius.

# Johann ( b. Dresden, 24 August 1498 – d. Dresden, 11 January 1537 ), Hereditary Duke of Saxony ; married on 20 May 1516 to Elizabeth of Hesse.

# Frederick ( b. Dresden, 15 March 1504 – d. Dresden, 26 February 1539 ), Hereditary Duke of Saxony ; married on 27 January 1539 to Elisabeth of Mansfeld.

# Magdalena ( b. Dresden, 7 March 1507 – d. Berlin, 25 January 1534 ), married on 6 November 1524 to Joachim Hector, then Hereditary Elector of Brandenburg.

: Chancellor of the King of Egypt, Doctor, First in line after the King of Upper Egypt, Administrator of the Great Palace, Hereditary nobleman, High Priest of Heliopolis, Builder, Chief Carpenter, Chief Sculptor, and Maker of Vases in Chief.

Jean's eldest son, Prince Henri, was appointed " Lieutenant Représentant " ( Hereditary Grand Duke ) on 4 March 1998.

In 1045, Duncan's father Crínán of Dunkeld ( a scion of the Scottish branch of the Cenel Conaill and Hereditary Abbot of Iona ) was killed in a battle between two Scottish armies.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ( CMT ), also known as Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy ( HMSN ), Hereditary Sensorimotor Neuropathy ( HMSN ), or Peroneal Muscular Atrophy, is a heterogeneous inherited disorder of nerves ( neuropathy ) that is characterized by loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation, predominantly in the feet and legs but also in the hands and arms in the advanced stages of disease.

Hereditary clan chief positions passed through the mother's line, not the father's.

* 1874 – Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, ( d. 1899 )

In 1962 Remey asked his supporters in the United States to organize themselves and elect a " National Spiritual Assembly Under the Hereditary Guardianship " ( NSAUHG ), first elected in 1963.