* Adolf Tortilowicz von Batocki-Friebe ( 1868 – 1944 ), politician

Dietrich Eckart ( 23 March 1868 – 26 December 1923 ) was a German journalist and politician and, with Adolf Hitler, was one of the early key members of the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) and a participant in the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch.

Franz Adolf Berwald ( July 23, 1796 – April 3, 1868 ) was a Swedish Romantic composer who was generally ignored during his lifetime.

Baron Gustaf Nils Algernon Adolf Stierneld ( July 12, 1791-November 14, 1868 ) was a Swedish politician.

Meanwhile he served in the British Royal Navy 1857 – 1861, participating in campaigns against pirates in the South China Sea, and took part in one of Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld's North Pole expeditions in 1868, as commander of the expedition ship Sofia.

In 1868 Adolf Kussmaul of Freiburg, Germany performed the first esophagoscopy on a sword-swallower using a rigid 47 cm tube, mirrors, and a gasoline lamp.

* Arnold Adolf, Baron Bentinck van Nijenhuis ( 1798 – 1868 ), a Dutch politician, son of Adolf Carel, Baron Bentinck van Nijenhuis

* Adolf Hofer ( politician ) ( 1868 – 1935 ), German politician ( SPD )

Key features of the Baeyer – Villiger oxidation are its stereospecificity and predictable regiochemistry .< ref name =" crudden2000 "> It is named after the German chemist Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer ( 1835 – 1917 ) and the Swiss chemist Victor Villiger ( 1868 – 1934 ).

His well-known Alpine Guide ( London, 1863 – 1868 ) was the result of innumerable climbs and journeys and of careful observation recorded in a clear and often entertaining style.

His longtime live-in companion, theatre critic Charles Dillingham ( 1868 – 1934 ), also became a well-known producer.

Webley 1868 RIC No. 1 Revolver cal 450 CFThere is a well-known story that a pair of Webley RIC Model revolvers were presented to Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer by Lord Berkeley in 1869, and it is believed that General Custer was using them at the time of his death in the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

* Eneas Sweetland Dallas ( editor of a well-known 1868 abridged version of Clarissa.

* 1868 – Peter Behrens, German architect and designer ( d. 1940 )

* 1794 – Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, German botanist ( d. 1868 )

August Horch ( 12 October 1868 – 3 February 1951 ) was a German engineer and automobile pioneer, the founder of the manufacturing giant which would eventually become Audi.

* 1868 – Hugo Eckener, German pilot and businessman ( d. 1954 )

* 1868 – Arnold Sommerfeld, German physicist ( d. 1951 )

* 1933 – Stefan George, German poet ( b. 1868 )

* 1868 – Emanuel Lasker, German chess player ( d. 1941 )

* 1868 – Fritz Haber, German chemist, Nobel laureate ( d. 1934 )

* 1868 – Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, German botanist ( b. 1794 )

* August Euler ( 1868 – 1957 ) German pioneer aviator

Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze ( May 24, 1816 – July 18, 1868 ) was a German American history painter best known for his painting Washington Crossing the Delaware.

Felix Hausdorff ( November 8, 1868 – January 26, 1942 ) was a German mathematician who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis.

* 1821 – August Schleicher, German linguist ( d. 1868 )

* 1934 – Fritz Haber, German chemist, Nobel Laureate ( b. 1868 )

* 1801 – Julius Plücker, German mathematician and physicist ( d. 1868 )

* 1868 – Stefan George, German poet ( d. 1933 )

It was the premiere of A German Requiem, his largest choral work, in Bremen, in 1868, that confirmed Brahms's European reputation and led many to accept that he had conquered Beethoven and the symphony.

* 1868 – Julius Plücker, German mathematician and physicist ( b. 1801 )

* 1868 – Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician ( d. 1942 )

* 1790 – August Ferdinand Möbius, German mathematician ( d. 1868 )

* 1868 – Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist ( d. 1918 )

A suitable premise for war arose in 1870, when the German Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was offered the Spanish throne, which had been vacant since a revolution in 1868.

In 1868, however, the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann met Frank Calvert, who convinced Schliemann that Troy was at Hissarlik and Schliemann took over Calvert's excavations on property belonging to Calvert ; this claim is now accepted by most scholars.

In 1865, English archaeologist Frank Calvert excavated trial trenches in a field he had bought from a local farmer at Hisarlık, and in 1868, Heinrich Schliemann, wealthy German businessman and archaeologist, also began excavating in the area after a chance meeting with Calvert in Çanakkale.

* June 26 – Karl Landsteiner, Austrian biologist and physician ( b. 1868 )

After a study visit to see Vienna's museums and clinics, he graduated as a physician and settled in Frankfurt with a medical practice in 1868.

The oldest remaining house in Lexington is The Homestead, built by Dr. William Rainey Holt ( 1798 – 1868 ), a physician born in what is today Alamance County.

* Dr. Evan Benbow ( 1827 – 1894 ), physician, planter, delegate to the North Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1868.

In 1868 he married Charlotte Rutter, the daughter of a Sydney physician, and in the following year resigned from his position in the government service and went to Melbourne, which had become a larger city than Sydney and more of a literary centre.

* Karl Landsteiner ( 1868, Baden bei Wien-1943, New York ), an Austrian-American biologist and physician

One of those who attended was the physician John Elliotson ( 1791 – 1868 ), soon to become professor of medicine at University College and president of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society.

He was president of the New York Pathological and Obstetrical Societies, and twice of the Medical Society of the County of New York, visiting physician to the German Hospital beginning 1857, to Mount Sinai Hospital beginning 1860, to the Hebrew Orphan Asylum and the infant hospital on Randall's Island beginning 1868, and to Bellevue Hospital beginning 1874.

Joseph Charles Mardrus, otherwise known as " Jean-Charles Mardrus " ( 1868 – 1949 ), born in Cairo, was a French physician and a noted translator.

In 1856 he was appointed assistant obstetric physician at Guy's Hospital and full physician in 1868.

Rupert Blue ( 30 May 1868 – 12 April 1948 ) was an American physician and soldier.

* Richard Clarke Cabot ( 1868 – 1939 ), American physician and pioneer in social work

in 1868 from Harvard Medical School and practiced as a physician in Canning, Nova Scotia.

Although disputed, the " magnetic " tradition continued among Mesmer's students and others, resurfacing in England in the 19th century in the work of the physician John Elliotson ( 1791 – 1868 ), and the surgeons James Esdaile ( 1808 – 1859 ), and James Braid ( 1795 – 1860 ) ( who reconceptualized it as property of the subject's mind rather than a " power " of the Mesmerist's, and relabeled it " hypnotism ").

Antoine Barthelemy Clot ( 7 November 1793 – 28 August 1868 ) was a French physician known as Clot Bey while practicing in Egypt.

Luis Agote ( September 22, 1868 – November 12, 1954 ) was an Argentine physician and researcher.

* Johann Christian Metzig ( 1804 – 1868 ), physician

John Elliotson ( 29 October 1791 – 29 July 1868 ) was an English physician, born in Southwark, London.

* 1868: Bellevue physician Stephen Smith becomes first commissioner of public health in New York City.

He graduated in medicine at Basel in 1868 and became a physician in Florence, Italy.

Wilhelm Stekel ( March 18, 1868 – June 25, 1940 ) was an Austrian physician and psychologist, who became one of Sigmund Freud's earliest followers, and was once described as " Freud's most distinguished pupil.

John Crawfurd ( 13 August 1783 – 11 May 1868 ) was a Scottish physician, colonial administrator and diplomat, and author.