And, after becoming the right-hand man of Enver Pasha, he is sent by the latter to pave the way for a new Turkish Empire embracing `` the union of all Turks throughout Central Asia from Adrianople to the Chinese oases on the Silk Trade Route ''.

While the Byzantine Empire was to continue for nearly another four centuries, and the Crusades would contest the issue for some time, the victory at Manzikert signalled the beginning of Turkish ascendancy in Anatolia.

Ahmed I ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد اول Aḥmed-i evvel, ) or Ahmed Bakhti ( April 18, 1590 – November 22, 1617 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 until his death in 1617.

Ahmed II Khan Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثانى Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( February 25, 1643 – February 6, 1695 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.

Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).

Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز / ` Abdü ’ l -` Azīz ; February 9 / 18, 1830 – June 4, 1876 ) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876.

Abdülhamid I, Abdul Hamid I or Abd Al-Hamid I ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد اول ` Abdü ’ l-Ḥamīd-i evvel ), which translates to the Servant of God ( March 20, 1725 – April 7, 1789 ), was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

* Agha ( Ottoman Empire ), Aga, Agha, or Ağa, an Ottoman Turkish military and administrative rank

It was influenced by its non-Slavic neighbors in the Balkan language area ( mostly grammatically ) and later also by Turkish, which was the official language of the Ottoman Empire, in the form of the Ottoman Turkish language, mostly lexically.

Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد اول, Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım ( Ottoman: ییلدیرم ), " the Thunderbolt "; 1354 – March 8, 1403 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1389 to 1402.

Constantinople ( Ottoman Turkish: Konstantiniyye ) became the third capital of the Ottoman Empire.

From all the Empire, war prisoners and deported people were sent to the city: these people were called " Sürgün " in Turkish ().

The Central Powers ( German: Mittelmächte ; Hungarian: Központi hatalmak ; Turkish: İttifak Devletleri or Bağlaşma Devletleri ; Bulgarian: Централни сили ) were one of the two warring factions in World War I ( 1914 – 18 ), composed of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.

Although opinions differ as to his character there is no dispute over his great achievements: he helped to save the Habsburg Empire from French conquest ; he broke the westward thrust of the Ottomans, liberating central Europe after a century and a half of Turkish occupation ; and he was one of the great patrons of the arts whose building legacy can still be seen in Vienna today.

), 1611 – 1682 ) ( Ottoman Turkish: اوليا چلبى ) was an Ottoman Turkish traveler who journeyed through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years.

The Great Turkish Bombard | Sultani Cannon, a very heavy bronze muzzle-loading cannon of type used by Ottoman Empire in the Fall of Constantinople | conquest of Constantinople, in 1453.

He was promoted to Pasha and, with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I, became the founder of the modern Turkish state with the title Atatürk, the Father of Turkey.

In the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire, a Turkish state originating in Anatolia, encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.

The construction of the Baghdad Railway, financed by German banks, was designed to eventually connect Germany with the Turkish Empire and the Persian Gulf, but it also collided with British and Russian geopolitical interests.

At the Battle of Vienna ( 1683 ), the Army of the Holy Roman Empire, led by the Polish King John III Sobieski, decisively defeated a large Turkish army, ending the western colonial Ottoman advance and leading to the eventual dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire in Europe.

However, since Anatolia is now often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey, its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be the Turkish borders with the neighboring countries, which are Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria, in clockwise direction.

The Turkish word Mart is given after the name of Mars the god.

* 1982 – Turkish military diplomat Colonel Atilla Altıkat is shot and killed in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada's capital.

To the southwest of the range is the Armenian Plateau, which slopes southwestward toward the Araks River on the Turkish border.

* 1996 – Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou is murdered by Turkish forces while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus.

In Turkish, Germany is Almanya and German is Alman, and in Persian Germany is Almaan, and German is Almaani.

Again, this difference is much more obvious to a Turkish speaker, for whom and are separate phonemes, than to an English speaker, for whom they are allophones of a single phoneme.

The ablative in Turkish (- den hali or uzaklaşma hali ) is expressed through the suffixes-den ,-dan ,-ten, or-tan.

* 1824 – The Battle of Kos is fought between Turkish and Greek forces.

Aegospotami ( Αἰγὸς Ποταμοί ) or Aegospotamos ( i. e. Goat Streams ) is the ancient Greek name for a small river issuing into the Hellespont ( Modern Turkish Çanakkale Boğazı ), northeast of Sestos.

Aegospotami is located on the Dardanelles, northeast of the modern Turkish town of Sütlüce, Dardanelles ( the ancient Greek Galata, Thrace, modern Turkish: tr: Sütlüce, Gelibolu ).

The name Afyon Kara Hisar ( literally opium black castle in Turkish ), since opium was widely grown here and there is a castle on a black rock.

Nowadays Afyon is known for its marble ( in 2005 there were 355 marble quarries in the province of Afyon producing high quality white stone ), its sucuk ( spiced sausages ), its kaymak ( meaning either cream or a white Turkish Delight ) and various handmade weavings.

There is also a long string of roadside kiosks selling the local Turkish delight.

It is located in the modern Turkish province of Çanakkale.

It is through the most active of these connective routes, the Turkish Straits, that the Black Sea joins the world ocean.

Bursa is also home to some of the most famous Turkish dishes such as İskender kebap, specially candied marron glacés, peaches and lokum.

Bursa is the center of the Turkish automotive industry.

A 114-kilometer link between eastern Bulgaria and the Turkish border is scheduled for completion in 2013.

He became a four-star general and served three years as vice chairman of the Turkish Armed Forces, then appointed commander of the Turkish First Army, in Istanbul.

In 1604 Clement VIII appointed him archbishop of Nazareth, although this was an honorary position as the Holy Land was under Turkish rule.

When Emir Osman I was appointed commander of the Turkish army on the Byzantine border in the late 13th century, he was symbolically installed via a handover of musical instruments by the Seldjuk sultan.

In 1806, the Mamluks defeated the Turkish forces several times, and in June the rival parties concluded a peace treaty by which Muhammad Ali, who had been appointed as governor of Egypt on 26 March 1806, was to be removed and the state authority in Egypt returned to the Mamluks.

Thereafter, he was appointed as representative of Iraq in Ankara where he cultivated strong relations with the Turkish ruling circles and developed a sense of admiration for modern Turkey.

When the Turkish Wars ended in 1606, he remained in the service of Rudolf II in Prague until he was appointed commander of the Catholic League forces

Kilij Arslan then marched at the head of the Turkish Oghuz Yiva tribe army and set up his capital at Nicaea, replacing Amin ' l Ghazni, the governor appointed by Malik Shah I.

An ex-EOKA man, Nikos Sampson ( who took part in the fighting against the Turkish Cypriots during the " Bloody Christmas " ( Kanli Noel of 1963 mentioned above ) was appointed President.

Wealthy Phanariotes were appointed as governors over provinces in Turkish Europe and Greece, particularly as voevodas of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1711 and 1821.

The dynasty was founded by Anush Tigin Gharchai, a former Turkish slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was appointed the governor of Khwarezm.

Turkey was also to receive a place on a voting basis instead of in an advisory capacity on the financial commission ; Thrace was not to be internationalized, and as for the Smyrna area it was considered desirable to leave the Greek and Turkish inhabitants in their own districts ; the sovereignty of the sultan over the vilayet of Smyrna was to be restored, the city of Smyrna to be occupied by Greek troops, but elsewhere in the vilayet order should be maintained by local gendarmes under Allied officers ; a Christian governor should be appointed, chosen by the League of Nations ; a revision of this status to be granted after five years if applied for to the League of Nations ; Turkey should be included in the League of Nations if she consents to ratify a modification of the Sèvres Treaty on the above lines.

After his retirement in 1960 from the post of Commander of the Turkish Navy, Korutürk was appointed by the Head of State Cemal Gursel as Turkish ambassador to the Soviet Union and later to Spain.

The Turkish Sultan appointed Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine, who had been the Sultan ’ s prisoner at that time.

Oppenheimer, who was appointed chief court factor, together with his two sons Emanuel and Wolf, and Wertheimer, who was at first associated with him, devoted their time and talents to the service of Austria and the House of Habsburg: during the Rhenish, French, Turkish, and Spanish wars they loaned millions of florins for provisions, munitions, etc.

After the peace following the Napoleonic Wars Lyons was, like many other officers, unable to find employment, until in 1828 he was appointed to command the 46-gun frigate HMS Blonde, in which he attacked a Turkish force in Morea Castle near Patras.

The coup was swiftly followed by the Turkish military invasion of Cyprus on Saturday 20th July taking by surprise Ioannides who failed to prepare Cyprus for a Turkish invasion and in addition failed to coerce the Greek generals that he had appointed to apply " Plan K " and assist militarily Cyprus.

After serving as assistant coach for three years, he was appointed Turkish national team coach in 1993.

At the general elections in 2003, he was re-elected and appointed as the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs until September 2006, when the Democratic Party was dropped as a coalition partner by the Republican Turkish Party.

He was made a pasha, and appointed to organize and command the Turkish artillery, eventually contributing to the Austrian defeat at Niš and the subsequent end of the Austrian-Ottoman war marked by the Treaty of Belgrade, where Austria lost northern Serbia with Belgrade, Lesser Wallachia, and territories in northern Bosnia.

At nineteen, he became lecturer in Arabic, Turkish and Modern Greek, and at twenty-three was appointed Professor in Arabic and Muslim Law at King's College London.

She spent her childhood in Japan, where her father was appointed as the Military attaché in the Embassy of Turkey and also as the Liaison officer of the Turkish Brigade in Korea to the United Nations.