Pope Innocent III espoused the cause of Ingeborg ; but Philip did not submit until 1200, when, nine months after interdict had been added to excommunication, he consented to a separation from Agnes.

* 1215 – Pope Innocent III declares Magna Carta invalid.

In 1204 his doctrines were condemned by the university, and, on a personal appeal to Pope Innocent III, the sentence was ratified, Amalric being ordered to return to Paris and recant his errors.

According to Hosea Ballou, then Pierre Batiffol ( 1911 ) and George T. Knight ( 1914 ) Amalric was a believer that all people would eventually be saved and this was one of the counts upon which he was declared a heretic by Pope Innocent III.

In the beginning of 1198, Pope Innocent III requested that Andrew fulfill his father's last wishes and lead a Crusade to the Holy Land.

However, Innocent insisted on Bernard's company when he met with Lothair III of Germany.

There are several extant specimens of 12th-century Breviaries, all Benedictine, but under Innocent III ( pope 1198 – 1216 ) their use was extended, especially by the newly founded and active Franciscan order.

The procedure initiated by the text of Alexander III, confirmed by a bull of Pope Innocent III in the year 1200, issued on the occasion of the canonization of Saint Cunegunde, led to increasingly elaborate inquiries.

At this time the Piast duke Konrad I of Masovia with the consent of Pope Innocent III had started the first of several unsuccessful Prussian Crusades into the adjacent Chełmno Land and Christian acted as a missionary among the Prussians east of the Vistula River.

The most powerful of all medieval popes was Innocent III.

All kings supported King John of England ’ s defiance of Pope Innocent III ninety years after the Concordat of Worms in the matter concerning Stephen Langton.

When Pope Innocent III came to power in 1198, he was resolved to deal with them.

At first Pope Innocent III tried pacific conversion, and sent a number of legates into the Cathar regions.

In 1204, Innocent III suspended a number of bishops in Occitania ; in 1205 he appointed a new and vigorous bishop of Toulouse, the former troubadour Foulques.

Arnaud wrote to Pope Innocent III, " Today your Holiness, twenty thousand heretics were put to the sword, regardless of rank, age, or sex.

In 1215, the bishops of the Catholic Church met at the Fourth Council of the Lateran under Pope Innocent III.

The Fourth Council of the Lateran was convoked by Pope Innocent III with the papal bull of April 19, 1213, and the Council gathered at Rome's Lateran Palace beginning November 11, 1215.

Pope Innocent III had always planned to gather an ecumenical council because of the limited results of the Third Crusade and the bitter results of the Fourth Crusade, which had led to the capture of Constantinople and large parts of the Byzantine Empire.

Innocent III wanted to reformulate papal involvement in the Crusades as outlined in his decree " To Free the Holy Land ", but only towards the end of his pontificate did he realise this project.

Those gathered in Council engaged in little discussion and generally approved the decrees presented by Innocent III.

His order was endorsed by Pope Innocent III in 1210.

Pope Innocent III, who feared the threat posed by a union of the Empire and Sicily, now supported Sicily's king Frederick II, who marched to Germany and defeated Otto.

Pope Innocent III initially had supported the Welfs, but when Otto, now sole elected monarch, moved to appropriate Sicily, Innocent changed sides and accepted young Frederick II and his ally, King Philip II of France, who defeated Otto at the 1214 Battle of Bouvines.

The first a pastoral opera, L ' amore innocente ( Innocent Love ) was a light hearted comedy set in the Austrian mountains, and the second was based on an episode from Cervantes Don Quixote – Don Chisciotte alle nozze di Gamace ( Don Quixote at the Marriage of Camacho ).

A lifelong fan of science fiction " B-movies ", Ackerman had cameos in over 210 films, including bit parts in many monster movies and science fiction films ( The Howling, Innocent Blood, Return of the Living Dead Part II ), more traditional " imagi-movies " The Time Travelers, Future War, spoofs and comedies ( Amazon Women on the Moon, Attack of the 60 Foot Centerfold, The Wizard of Speed and Time ), and at least one major music video ( Michael Jackson's Thriller ).

On the death of Clement in 1721, Alberoni boldly appeared at the conclave, and took part in the election of Innocent XIII, after which he was for a short time imprisoned by the new pontiff on the demand of Spain, but was cleared of all charges by a commission of his fellow Cardinals.

In 1353 Innocent VI sent him as a legate into Italy, with a view to the restoration of the papal authority in the states of the Church, at the head of a small mercenary army.

The interference of Innocent is courted, a certain primacy is accorded him, but at the same time he is not addressed as a supreme arbitrator ; assistance and sympathy are solicited from him as from an elder brother, and two other prelates of Italy are joint recipients with him of the appeal .”

Pope Innocent I protested at this banishment, but to no avail.

A new crusade was discussed at the Council of Lyon in 1245 by Pope Innocent IV.

Pope Innocent IV with Louis IX at Cluny

On the death of Pope Innocent IV in 1254 he was elected pope at Naples on 12 December 1254.

Under the influence of Charles of Anjou, he was elected Pope to succeed Innocent V on 12 July 1276 but died at Viterbo on 18 August 1276 from illness without ever having been ordained to the priesthood.

On 18 July 1216, seventeen cardinals present at the death of Innocent III assembled at Perugia ( where Innocent III had died two days previously ) with the purpose of electing a new Pope.

Meanwhile, on the Saturday after Eulalius had been elected, a majority of the priests of the church elected Boniface, who had previously been a councilor of Pope Innocent, and was also ordained on 29 December at the Church of Saint Marcellus in the Campus Martius.

Instead, it elected Cardinal Giovanni Battista Pamphili as his successor at the papal conclave of 1644, who took the name of Innocent X.

Among Innocent I's letters is one to Jerome and another to John II, Bishop of Jerusalem, regarding annoyances to which the former had been subjected by the Pelagians at Bethlehem.

Detail from a mosaic in the church Santa Maria in Trastevere, rebuilt by Innocent, 1140 – 43: the Pope, holding a model of the church in his arms, stands at the far left, beside Sts.

By the Second Lateran council of 1139, at which King Roger II of Sicily, Innocent II's most uncompromising foe, was excommunicated, peace was at last restored to the Church.

On 22 July 1139, at Galluccio, Roger II's son Roger III, Duke of Apulia, ambushed the papal troops with a thousand knights and captured Innocent.

The Catholic Encyclopaedia make the point that the oath and the penalties were so severe that it stopped the efforts of the Gallicanizing party among the English Catholics, who had been ready to offer forms of submission similar to the old oath of Allegiance, which was condemned anew about this time by Pope Innocent X.

He was canonized a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1598 by Pope Clement VIII and declared a Doctor of the Church in 1722 by Pope Innocent XIII.

Pope Innocent was central in supporting the Catholic Church's reforms of ecclesiastical affairs through his decretals and the Fourth Lateran Council.

The Albigensian Crusade, which led to the brutal slaughter of approximately 20, 000 men, women and children, Cathar and Catholic alike. Innocent III was a vigorous opponent of heresy, and undertook campaigns against it.

Innocent granted Ferdinand II of Aragon the epithet " Catholic Majesty.

Mindful of the origin of his success, Innocent IX supported, during his two months ' pontificate, the cause of Philip II and the Catholic League against Henry IV of France ( 1589 – 1610 ) in the civil Wars of Religion ( 1562 – 1598 ), where a papal army was in the field.

During the Civil War ( 1642 – 49 ) in England and Ireland, Innocent X strongly supported the independent ( and Catholic ) Confederate Ireland, over the objections of Mazarin and the former British Queen and at that time Queen Mother, Henrietta Maria, exiled in Paris.

The pontificate of Innocent was marked by the struggle between the absolutism and hegemonic intentions of Louis XIV, and the primacy of the Catholic Church.

Pope Innocent XII ( 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700 ), born Antonio Pignatelli del Rastrello, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1691 to 1700.

* 1199: Pope Innocent III writes to Kaloyan, inviting him to unite the Bulgarian Church with the Roman Catholic Church.

In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith ( hence his surname, " the Catholic ").

The Popes Clement XI and Innocent XIII considered James and Maria Clementina the rightful and, more importantly, Catholic King and Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland: the cousin of Pope Innocent XIII, Francesco Maria Conti, from Siena, was here the Gentiluomo di Camera ( the chamberlaine ) in the little Roman Jacobite court.

* The Latin Patriarch of Alexandria was the head of the Titular Patriarchal See of Alexandria of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope Innocent III.

At the same time the senior Stefan was negotiating submitting himself and his subjects to the Roman Catholic Church in exchange for Pope Innocent III declaring him a King.

Some of the most pertinent Roman Catholic expressions of this doctrine are: the profession of faith of Pope Innocent III ( 1208 ), the profession of faith of the Fourth Lateran Council ( 1215 ), the bull Unam sanctam of Pope Boniface VIII ( 1302 ), and the profession of faith of the Council of Florence ( 1442 ).

Pope Innocent III ( 1198 – 1216 ), Profession of Faith prescribed for the Waldensians: " With our hearts we believe and with our lips we confess but one Church, not that of the heretics, but the Holy Roman Catholic and Apostolic Church, outside which we believe that no one is saved " ( Denzinger 792 ).

Innocent III had written to Kaloyan, inviting him to unite his Church with the Roman Catholic Church, as early as 1199.

In 1251, Pope Innocent IV recognized Peter's virtues ( severity of life and doctrine, talent for preaching, and zeal for the orthodox Catholic faith ), and appointed him Inquisitor in Lombardy.

Of two hymns, Stabat Mater Dolorosa ( about the Sorrows of Mary ) and Stabat Mater Speciosa ( joyfully referring to the Nativity of Jesus ), Stabat Mater usually refers to the first, a 13th-century Catholic hymn to Mary, variously attributed to the Franciscan Jacopone da Todi and to Innocent III.

Papst and other Catholic authors take pains to discredit the story of Innocent VIII's deathbed.

The book also analyzes, in detail, the actions of numerous popes and other prominent figures of Catholic Church history, especially those who advocated anti-Jewish policies and those who tried to reign in official anti-Semitism, including St. Augustine, Bernard of Clairvaux, Nicholas of Cusa, Innocent III, Paul IV, Pius IX, Pius XII, John XXIII and John Paul II.