The history of Kazakhstan describes the human past in the Eurasia's largest segment of the steppe belt that was the home and crossroads for numerous human groups starting with extinct Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus 1 mln – 800, 000 in the Karatau Mountains, Caspian and Balkhash areas ; Neanderthals 140 – 40 thousand years ago in the Karatau Mountains and Central Kazakhstan, and the arrival of the modern Homo Sapiens 40 – 12 thousand years ago in the Southern, Central, and Eastern Kazakhstan.

Notwithstanding, this period was saturated with very important political events that had significant impact on the history of Almaty and Kazakhstan as a whole.

After studying in Moscow, Gaziza Zhubanova became the first woman classical composer in Kazakhstan, whose compositions reflect Kazakh history and folklore.

His 31st book, Inside Central Asia: A Political and Cultural History of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey and Iran, was listed as one of the best history books of the year by the Financial Times ( 2009 ).

For example, the Kazakh Foreign Affairs Minister, Marat Tazhin, recently emphasized that Kazakhstan attaches importance to the use of " positive potential Islam, learning of its history, culture and heritage.

" Kipchaks in history of medieval Kazakhstan ", Alma-Ata, 1989, ISBN 5-628-00146-5

In September 2006, the government announced that it is funding distribution of a multi million dollar movie called " Nomad ", about the new-created by Kazakhstan government history of the nation.

* Military history of Kazakhstan

; Main article: Postage stamps and postal history of Kazakhstan

Articles about the geography of Kazakhstan.

In 1994, Greenpeace published an anti-nuclear newspaper advert which included a claim that nuclear facilities Sellafield would kill 2, 000 people in the next 10 years, and an image of a hydrocephalus-affected child said to be a victim of nuclear weapons testing in Kazakhstan.

" The UN has estimated that the nuclear weapon tests in Kazakhstan caused about 100, 000 people to suffer over three generations.

The Khazars ( Old Turkic: 10px10px10px10px10px ) were semi-nomadic Turkic people who established one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day European Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the northern Caucasus ( Circassia, Dagestan ), parts of Georgia, the Crimea, and northeastern Turkey.

After the demise of the Eastern Hunnic Empire, the Tele people of Kazakhstan, known in Chinese annals as Tiele, formed tribal unions that became a coveted attraction for the Hunnic successors, but they generally retained independence of their unions.

In the 6th c. CE the people of Kazakhstan were again absorbed into the new political state, the Turkic Kaganate, that controlled approximately the same area as the Eastern Hunnic Empire.

The adjective to describe people or things from Kazakhstan is Kazakh ( though the US State Department uses Kazakhstani ).

The first people known to have occupied Central Asia were Iranian nomads who arrived from the northern grasslands of what is now Kazakhstan sometime in the first millennium BC.

the largest groups of Turkic people live throughout Central Asia — Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan, in addition to Turkey and Iran.

Kyrgyz is spoken by about 4 million people in Kyrgyzstan, China, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Pakistan and Russia.

The Dungan people of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan ( with smaller groups living in other post-Soviet states ) are the descendants of several groups of the Hui people that migrated to the region in the 1870s and the 1880s after the defeat of the Dungan revolt in Northwestern China.

* Dörben Oyriad (' Four Confederates ') or Dzungar ( Kalmyk or Kalmuck people branch ) Khanate formed in 1626, covering Xinjiang region of China, Kyrgyzstan, eastern Kazakhstan and western Mongolia ; 2 Dec 1717 – 1720 also styled Protector of Tibet ; 1755 tributary to China, 1756 annexed and dissolved in 1757

Also associated with these spectacular burial mounds are the Pazyryk, an ancient people who lived in the Altai Mountains lying in Siberian Russia on the Ukok Plateau, near the borders with China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia.

According to the 1897 census, the earliest census taken in the region, Kazakhs constituted 81. 7 % of the total population ( 3, 392, 751 people ) within the territory of contemporary Kazakhstan.

* In Kazakhstan, many Kazakh use this statement and hug each other ; more secular and non-religious people say " Salem " as an equivalent to " Hello " or " Hi ".

The Kazakhs ( also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs ; ; the English name is transliterated from Russian ) are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ( largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia, and Mongolia ).

The largest action took place on 13 June 1941, when about 13, 000 people were deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan.

To facilitate it, in 1929-1931, 18, 000 people ( 4320 families ), kulaks ( independent peasants ) from North Ingria, were deported to East Karelia, the Kola Peninsula as well as Kazakhstan and Central Asia.

About 7, 000 people ( 2, 000 families ) were deported from Ingria to Kazakhstan, Central Asia and the Ural region.

*- i ( Afghanistan → Afghanistani, Azawad → Azawadi, Azerbaijan → Azerbaijani, Bahrain → Bahraini, Bangladesh → Bangladeshi, Bengal → Bengali, Bihar → Bihari, Dagestan → Dagestani, Desh → Desi, Gujarat → Gujarati, Hyderabad → Hyderabadi, Iraq → Iraqi, Israel → Israeli ( in the Modern State of Israel ), Kashmir → Kashmiri, Kazakhstan → Kazakhstani ( also " Kazakh "), Kuwait → Kuwaiti, Nepal → Nepali, Oman → Omani, Pakistan → Pakistani, Punjab → Punjabi, Qatar → Qatari, Rajasthan → Rajasthani, Sindh → Sindhi, Somalia → Somali ( not Somalian ), Tajikistan → Tajikistani ( also " Tajik "), United Arab Emirates → United Arab Emirati, Uzbekistan → Uzbekistani ( also " Uzbek "), Yemen → Yemeni, Yerevan → Yerevani ), mostly for Middle Eastern and South Asian locales and in Latinate names for the various people that ancient Romans encountered ( e. g. Allemanni, Helvetii )

When the rebellion failed, mass-immigration of the Dungan people into Imperial Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan ensued.

The Polish minority in the Soviet Union refers to people of Polish descent who used to reside in the Soviet Union before its 1991 dissolution ( in the Autumn of Nations ), and who live in post-Soviet, sovereign countries of Europe and Asia as their significant minorities at present time, including Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan among others.

* 12 November — A Saudi Arabian Boeing 747 jumbo jet and a Kazakhstan Ilyushin cargo plane collide near New Delhi, killing 349 people in the world's deadliest mid-air collision.

Today Gagauz people outside Moldova live mainly in the Ukrainian regions of Odesa and Zaporizhia, as well as in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Bulgaria, Romania, Brazil, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Georgia, Turkey and the Russian region of Kabardino-Balkaria.

Most of a total population of about 80 thousand people were forcibly deported and resettled in Central Asia, namely in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Horse taming and horseback culture arose first in the southern steppe grasslands of Central Asia, perhaps approximately in modern Kazakhstan.

The earliest fully developed true chariots known are from the chariot burials of the Andronovo ( Timber-Grave ) sites of the Sintashta-Petrovka Proto-Indo-Iranian culture in modern Russia and Kazakhstan from around 2000 BC.

Recent discoveries on Botai culture suggest that Botai culture settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse.

The dombra (, dombyra, dombra, dombıra in Kazakhstan, dambura, danbura in Uzbekistan, dumbura in Bashkir and Tatar, Dombira or 冬不拉 -- Dongbula in Xinjiang, China ) is a long-necked lute and a musical string instrument that exists in the culture of the Turkic peoples.

One of the greatest dombra players is Kazakh folk musician and composer Kurmangazy, which had a great influence on the development of the Kazakh musical culture, including-music for dombra, his musical composition " Adai " popular in Kazakhstan and abroad.

The Bronze Pre-Scythian-Saka-Sibirian culture developed in close similarity with the cultures of Yenisei, Altai, Kazakhstan, southern, and southeast Amur regions.

While some hailed it as a successful low culture comedy, it inspired little of the strong fan enthusiasm associated with Da Ali G Show and with Baron Cohen's subsequent film, Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan. It currently holds a 56 % ' Rotten ' rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

In the film, Borat travels from Kazakhstan to learn more about American culture for his country.

In southern Siberia and Kazakhstan, the Andronovo culture was succeeded by the Karasuk culture ( 1500 – 800 BCE ), which is sometimes asserted to be non-Indo-European, and at other times to be specifically proto-Iranian.

A 2004 study also established that, during the Bronze / Iron Age period, the majority of the population of Kazakhstan ( part of the Andronovo culture during Bronze Age ), was of west Eurasian origin ( with mtDNA haplogroups such as U, H, HV, T, I and W ), and that prior to the thirteenth to seventh century BC, all Kazakh samples belonged to European lineages.

Bactria-Margiana probably interacted with the contemporary Bronze Age nomads of the Andronovo culture, the originators of the spoke-wheeled chariot, who lived to their north in western Siberia, Russia, and parts of Kazakhstan, and survived as a culture until the 1st millennium BCE.

A 2004 study also established that during the Bronze Age / Iron Age period, the majority of the population of Kazakhstan ( part of the Andronovo culture during Bronze Age ), was of west Eurasian origin ( with mtDNA haplogroups such as U, H, HV, T, I and W ), and that prior to the 13th-7th century BCE, all Kazakh samples belonged to European lineages.

The culture of Kazakhstan has a well-articulated culture based on their nomadic pastoral economy.

Today's Kazakhstan is a modern culture, thriving in the post-Soviet era.

* Kazakhstan traditions and culture

The Koryo Saram conduct trips to South Korea and are pushing for a revival of Korean language and culture within Kazakhstan.

Poltavka culture, 2700 — 2100 BC, an early to middle Bronze Age archaeological culture of the middle Volga from about where the Don-Volga canal begins up to the Samara bend, with an easterly extension north of present Kazakhstan along the Samara River valley to somewhat west of Orenburg.

It became known from excavations in the Minusinsk area of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, southern Siberia, but the culture was also widespread in western Mongolia, northern Xinjiang, and eastern and central Kazakhstan, with connections or extensions in Tajikistan and the Aral area.