* 1281 – Mongol invasion of Japan: The Mongolian fleet of Kublai Khan is destroyed by a " divine wind " for the second time in the Battle of Kōan.

Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, wanting to adopt the customs of China, established the Yuan Dynasty.

Both Confucian ideas and Confucian-trained officials were relied upon in the Ming Dynasty and even the Yuan Dynasty, although Kublai Khan distrusted handing over provincial control.

During 1252, Kublai Khan granted an audience to Drogön Chögyal Phagpa and Karma Pakshi, the 2nd Karmapa.

* 1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire " Yuan " ( 元 yuán ), officially marking the start of the Yuan Dynasty of Mongolia and China.

The Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan waged three wars against Vietnam to force it into a vassalage relationship but after successive failures, Kublai Khan's successor, Temur Khan, finally settled for a tributary relationship with Vietnam.

He and his grandson, Kublai Khan, controlled lands in China, Burma, Central Asia, Russia, Iran, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.

* 1287 – Kublai Khan defeated the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria.

According to Coleridge's Preface to Kubla Khan, the poem was composed one night after he experienced an opium influenced dream after reading a work describing Xanadu, the summer palace of the Mongol ruler and Emperor of China Kublai Khan.

The book contained a brief description of Xanadu, the summer capital of the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan.

As for specific places, the main character is Kublai Khan the Tartar king from China, the river is Alpheus in Greece and is similar to the Nile, and the Abyssinian woman sings of Mount Amara, and the caves are like those in Kashmir.

Scientology accounts present a different version of events, saying that Hubbard " made his way deep into Manchuria's Western Hills and beyond — to break bread with Mongolian bandits, share campfires with Siberian shamans and befriend the last in the line of magicians from the court of Kublai Khan.

He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and apparently met Kublai Khan.

According to The Travels of Marco Polo, they passed through much of Asia, and met with the Kublai Khan.

* 1260 – Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire.

As soon as he was elected in 1271, Pope Gregory received a letter from the Mongol Great Khan Kublai, remitted by Niccolo and Matteo Polo following their travels to his court in Mongolia.

In the Middle Ages, the Mongol Empire's campaign against China ( then comprising the Western Xia Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, and Southern Song Dynasty ) by Genghis Khan until Kublai Khan, who eventually established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271, with their armies was extremely effective, allowing the Mongols to sweep through large areas.

* 1215 – Kublai Khan, Mongolian emperor ( d. 1294 )

One such event is the saving of Japan from invasion by the Mongol fleet of Kublai Khan by the Kamikaze winds in 1281.

Kublai Khan sends the Polos back with a message requesting the pope dispatch western scholars to teach in the Mongol Empire ; however, this request is largely ignored.

* 1268 – Kublai Khan sends an emissary to the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan demanding an acknowledgment of souzerainty and payment of tribute ; the Japanese refuse, starting a diplomatic back-and-forth lasting until the Mongols attempt to invade in 1274.

* May 21 – Kublai sends his envoy Hao Jing to negotiate with Song Dynasty Chancellor Jia Sidao, after the small force left by Kublai south of the Yangzi River is destroyed by a Chinese army of the Southern Song Dynasty.

* Kublai Khan sends a delegation to Japan, which loots islands along the way.

Kublai Khan sends the Polos back with a message requesting that the Pope dispatch western scholars to teach in the Mongol Empire ; however, this request is largely ignored.

In 1280, Kublai Khan sent the first emissary to King Kertanegara, demanding Singhasari ’ s submission and tribute to the great Khan.

– Kublai Khan ( 1215 – 1294 ) Emperor of China sent an emissary to Kollam, It was followed by an emissary from Kollam under the leadership of a St. Thomas Christian.

* 1274 – November 20 – The Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan attempts the first of several invasions of Japan ; after capturing outlying islands, the Yuan forces are repulsed on the main island at the Battle of Bun ' ei by amassed Japanese warriors and a strong storm which batters their forces and fleet.

* 1279 – A diplomatic party of the Yuan Dynasty sent by Kublai Khan to Japan is killed by Japan's regent Hōjō Tokimune, leading to a second invasion attempt by the Mongols in 1281.

Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty established control over the Khmer empire in Cambodia, the Pagan Empire in Myanmar, and a kingdom of Laos, but failed a second attempted invasion of Japan and was twice defeated in attempted invasions of Vietnam.

* 1286 – Kublai Khan plots a final Mongol invasion of Japan, but aborts the plan due to a lack of necessary resources.

* November 20 – Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty attempts the first of several invasions of Japan ( 30, 000 soldiers and support personnel sails from Korea ); after the Mongols capture outlying islands, they are repulsed on the main island at the Battle of Bun ' ei by amassed Japanese warriors and a strong storm which batters their forces and fleet.

* Kublai Khan plots a final Mongol invasion of Japan, but aborts the plan due to a lack of necessary resources.

* A Yuan diplomatic party sent by Kublai Khan to Japan is killed by Japan's regent Hōjō Tokimune, leading to a second invasion attempt by the Mongols in 1281.

The Mongols under Kublai Khan attempted sea-borne invasions in 1274 and 1281 ( see Mongol invasions of Japan ).

* 1274: The Mongols of Kublai Khan try to invade Japan but are repelled by a typhoon.

The Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan attempted to invade Japan twice with enormous fleets ( of both Mongols and Chinese ), in 1274 and again in 1281, both attempts being unsuccessful ( see Mongol invasions of Japan ).

The Mongols invited Japan to submit to the rule of Kublai.

The Mongol invasions of Japan crossed this sea and ravaged the Tsushima Islands before the kamikaze – translated as " divine wind " – a typhoon that is said to have saved Japan from a Mongol invasion fleet led by Kublai Khan in 1281.

After conquering the Japanese settlements on Tsushima and Iki islands, Kublai Khan's fleet moved on to Japan proper and landed at Hakata Bay, a short distance from Kyūshū's administrative capital of Dazaifu.

< strong > October 1274 </ strong > After Korean officials encouraged Kublai Khan-head of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty-in 1265 that Japan would be easily subdued, the Koryo Korean state built over 300 large ships to aid an invasion of Japan.

In early 1280 Kublai Khan planned another invasion of Japan and ordered his shipbuilders to rebuild the whole fleet within a year.

The Kamikaze ( 神風, Japanese for divine wind ), were two winds or storms that are said to have saved Japan from two Mongol fleets under Kublai Khan.

Following the attempts at Mongol invasions of Japan by Kublai Khan in 1274 and 1281, Japanese wakō became very active in plundering the coast of the Chinese Empire.