He subsequently moved to Leningrad, where he trained as a physicist and graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics in 1967 with an honors degree in mathematics, engineering and computer science.

An ODRA 1204 computer was used by a team in Leningrad developing an ALGOL 68 compiler in 1976.

Yuri Vladimirovich Matiyasevich, (; born March 2, 1947 in Leningrad ) is a Russian mathematician and computer scientist.

He taught at the Vitebsk Practical Art School in the USSR ( now part of Belarus ) ( 1919 – 1922 ), the Leningrad Academy of Arts ( 1922 – 1927 ), the Kiev State Art Institute ( 1927 – 1929 ), and the House of the Arts in Leningrad ( 1930 ).

* Leningrad Narodnoe Opolcheniye Army ( July-September 1941 ), for the defence of Leningrad

* Leningrad Front ( 1941 – 5 ), successor to the preceding

* Leningrad ( band ), Russian ska / punk band

60 ), a symphony by Shostakovich, subtitled Leningrad

* " Leningrad " ( song ), 1989 song by Billy Joel

Under these circumstances, during much of the Siege of Leningrad ( 1941 – 1944 ), Lake Ladoga provided the only access to the besieged city because a section of the eastern shore remained in Soviet hands.

Critics of the textbook note the lack of detail about historical events such as the Siege of Leningrad ( 1941 – 44 ), the Gulag forced-labour camps, the Russo – Finnish Winter War ( 1939 – 40 ), the First Chechen War ( 1994 – 96 ), and the Second Chechen War ( 1999 – 2000 ), as serious factual inaccuracies ; most egregious, the critics propose, is the absence of the Holocaust ( 1933 – 45 ), and the glorification of the rule of Josef Stalin ( 1922 – 53 ).

The final was against his Leningrad rival Korchnoi at Kiev, and Spassky triumphed (+ 4 − 1 = 5 ), which earned him another match with Petrosian.

* Leningrad 1960, board 1, 10 / 12 (+ 9 − 1 = 2 ), team silver ;

His contributions to opening theory extend to reviving the Marshall Attack for Black in the Ruy Lopez ( 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. 0-0 Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 0-0 8. c3 d5 ), developing the Leningrad Variation for White in the Nimzo-Indian Defence ( 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Bg5 ), the Spassky Variation on the Black side of the Nimzo – Indian, and the Closed Variation of the Sicilian Defence for White ( 1. e4 c5 2. Nc3 ).

* Anatoly Karpov vs Boris Spassky, Candidates ' match, Leningrad 1974, game 1, Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation ( B83 ), 0 – 1 Spassky lost the match, but he started strongly with this fine win.

Originally, factories were to be located in Moscow, Leningrad ( now Saint Petersburg ), and Kharkov, but due to the approach of Nazi German troops, the Moscow facilities were moved to Irbit, and the Leningrad and Kharkov facilities to Gorkiy ( now called Nizhny Novgorod ).

* Ada Lovelace ( 1815 – 1852 ), the first computer programmer

* Argument ( computer science ), a piece of data provided as input to a subroutine

In computer systems, an algorithm is basically an instance of logic written in software by software developers to be effective for the intended " target " computer ( s ), in order for the target machines to produce output from given input ( perhaps null ).

Computers ( and computors ), models of computation: A computer ( or human " computor ") is a restricted type of machine, a " discrete deterministic mechanical device " that blindly follows its instructions.

* Atlas Computer ( Manchester ) ( 1962 – 1971 ), an early computer built at the University of Manchester

** Titan ( computer ), also known as the Atlas 2, its successor

* APL ( programming language ), a computer programming language with specialized array-processing capabilities

Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS ( ; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954 ), was a British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist.

The high price was likely due to the rare documents and packaging offered in the sale in addition to the computer, including the original packaging ( with the return label showing Steve Jobs ' parents ' address, the original Apple Computer Inc ' headquarters ' being their garage ), a personally typed and signed letter from Jobs ( answering technical questions about the computer ), and the original invoice showing ' Steven ' as the salesman.

It was not a Turing complete computer, which distinguishes it from more general machines, like contemporary Konrad Zuse's Z3 ( 1941 ), or later machines like the 1946 ENIAC, 1949 EDVAC, the University of Manchester designs, or Alan Turing's post-War designs at NPL and elsewhere.

In algorithmic information theory ( a subfield of computer science ), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is a measure of the computational resources needed to specify the object.

* Antwerp ( Quest For Glory ), a monster in the Quest for Glory computer role-playing game series

In computer science, an array data structure or simply an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements ( values or variables ), each identified by at least one array index or key.

The Aster CT-80, an early home / personal computer developed by the small Dutch company MCP ( later renamed to Aster Computers ), was sold in its first incarnation as a kit for hobbyists.

Most Aster CT-80's ( about 10 thousand of them ) were sold to schools for computer education, in a project first known as the " honderd scholen project " ( one hundred schools project ), but which later involved many more than just one hundred schools.

Initially Aster computer b. v. was called MCP ( Music print Computer Product ), because it was specialized in producing computer assisted printing of sheet music.

Because the original designer had left the company another employee completely redesigned most of the system, ( adding a display snow remover circuit, true 80 / 64 column text mode support, ( with different size letters for TRS-80 and CP / M mode, so that in TRS-80 mode the full screen was also used, not just a 64x16 portion of the 80x25 screen ) with an improved font set ( adding " gray scale " version of the TRS-80 mozaik graphics and many special PETSCII like characters ), and a more flexible and reliable floppy disk controller and keyboard interface plus many other small improvements ), also an enclosure was developed for the main computer system, ( in the form of a 19-inch rack for the Eurocards ) and for two floppy disk drives and the power supply.

* ABC ( computer virus ), virus

Since algorithms are platform-independent ( i. e. a given algorithm can be implemented in an arbitrary programming language on an arbitrary computer running an arbitrary operating system ), there are significant drawbacks to using an empirical approach to gauge the comparative performance of a given set of algorithms.

It was designed to compete in the mid-1980s home computer market dominated by the Commodore 64 and the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, where it successfully established itself primarily in the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and the German-speaking parts of Europe.

* ATM ( computer ), a ZX Spectrum clone, developed in Moscow in 1991

In the private home computer market, where games were a significant driver, the Dragon suffered due to its graphical capabilities, which were inferior to contemporary machines such as the Sinclair ZX Spectrum and BBC Micro.

The Sinclair QL ( for Quantum Leap ), was a personal computer launched by Sinclair Research in 1984, as the successor to the Sinclair ZX Spectrum.

The ZX Spectrum ( pronounced " Zed-Ex ") is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research Ltd.

Several general contemporary computer magazines covered the ZX Spectrum in more or less detail.

* In 1984 He featured in the computer game audio tape of " DEUS EX MACHINA " by Automata ( UK ) Ltd, released for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum in 1984.

It was related to the Loki project they had worked on previously at Sinclair Research, which in turn was derived from the ZX Spectrum home computer.

Sinclair later moved into the production of home computers and produced the Sinclair ZX80, the UK's first mass-market home computer for less than, and later, with Sinclair Research, the ZX81 and ZX Spectrum ; the latter is widely recognised for its importance in the early days of the British home computer industry.

* Moskva, a ZX Spectrum computer clone

Part of a 1983 Sinclair Research | Sinclair ZX Spectrum computer board ; a populated PCB, showing the conductive traces, via ( electronics ) | vias ( the through-hole paths to the other surface ), and some mounted electrical components

A computer game version of Yes, Prime Minister was released in 1987 for the Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum.

The Sprinter in one of its modes runs the Estex operating system but mainly it works in many modes of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer of the 1980s ( with TR-DOS Spectrum system on-board ).

In 1984 CRL Group PLC released Jeff Wayne's Video Game Version of The War of the Worlds for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer.

A version of the game for the ZX Spectrum computer was released in 1985.

In the former Soviet Union and Eastern / Central Europe, the ZX Spectrum often has a cult status similar to the Commodore 64 in the Western Europe: it was the most popular 8-bit homecomputer and also the first computer for many computer and demoscene enthusiasts.

Many of the 8-bit computer ports ( ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC 464, Commodore 64, BBC Micro, MSX, Atari 8-bit, Apple II ) were very popular in Europe in the 1980s.

* Firebirds ( computer game ), computer game for the ZX Spectrum released in 1983

There was also a computer game called Samurai Warrior: The Battles of Usagi Yojimbo released for the Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC platforms in 1988, by the now defunct computer game label Firebird.

* Pentagon ( computer ), a Soviet clone of the ZX Spectrum computer