After the indecisive < ref name =" British historian Townsend Miller "> British historian Townsend Miller: “ But, if the outcome of < nowiki > battle of </ nowiki > Toro, militarily, is debatable, there is no doubt whatsoever as to its enormous psychological and political effects ” in The battle of Toro, 1476, in History Today, volume 14, 1964, p. 270 </ ref > Battle of Toro in 1476 against King Ferdinand II of Aragon, the husband of Isabella I of Castile, he went to France to obtain the assistance of Louis XI, but finding himself deceived by the French monarch, he returned to Portugal in 1477 in very low spirits.

The Saint-Esprit church was part of a bigger complex built by Louis XI to care for pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela.

** Louis XI ( 1461 – 1483 )

** Louis XI the Prudent, 1461 − 1483

King Louis XI and later his allies, the Old Swiss Confederacy, faced Charles the Bold during the Burgundian Wars ( 1474 – 1477 ).

* 1423 – Louis XI of France ( d. 1483 )

* the Order of Saint Michael, founded by Louis XI of France in 1469

Tomb of Philippe Pot, governor of Burgundy ( region ) | Burgundy under Louis XI, by Antoine Le Moiturier

The ambassador of Louis XIV of France ( 1643 – 1715 ) succeeded in procuring his election on 6 October 1689, as successor to Pope Innocent XI ( 1676 – 89 ); nevertheless, after months of negotiation Alexander VIII finally condemned the declaration made in 1682 by the French clergy concerning the liberties of the Gallican church.

In July 1461, Pius II canonized Saint Catherine of Siena, and in October of the same year he gained at first what appeared to be a brilliant success by inducing the new King of France, Louis XI, to abolish the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, by which the Pope's authority in France had been grievously impaired.

But Louis XI had expected that Pius II would in return espouse the French cause in Naples, and when he found himself disappointed he virtually re-established the Pragmatic Sanction by royal ordinances.

* Louis XI ( king of France ), Josepf Frederic, Louis Vaesen, Etienne Charavay, Bernard Edouard de Mandrot-1905.

Innocent XI treated him as excommunicated and placed under interdict the Church of St. Louis at Rome where he attended services on 24 December 1687.

Sixtus continued a dispute with King Louis XI of France, who upheld the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges ( 1438 ), according to which papal decrees needed royal assent before they could be promulgated in France.

This was a cornerstone of the privileges claimed for the Gallican Church, and could never be shifted as long as Louis XI maneuvered to replace King Ferdinand I of Naples with a French prince.

Family tradition held that the Frédy name had first arrived in France in the early 15th century, and the first recorded title of nobility granted to the family was given by Louis XI to an ancestor, also named Pierre de Frédy, in 1477.

It was the capital of France at the time of Louis XI, who had settled in the castle of Montils ( today the castle of Plessis in La Riche, western suburbs of Tours ), Tours and Touraine remained until the 16th century a permanent residence of the kings and court.

It is also at the time of Louis XI that the silk industry was introduced – despite difficulties, the industry still survives to this day.

* Louis XI, King of France ( 1423 – 1483 ).

* February 14 – Louis XI of France marries Charlotte of Savoy.

* With the death of Duke Charles IV of Anjou, Anjou reverts to the French crown under Louis XI of France.

* July 13 – Battle of Montlhéry: Troops of King Louis XI of France fight inconclusively against an army of the great nobles organized as the League of the Public Weal.

* August 30 – King Louis XI of France ( b. 1423 )

Louis XI cruelly suppressed a revolt at Reims, caused in 1461 by the salt tax.

Louis XI ( 3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483 ), called the Prudent (), was the King of France from 1461 to 1483.

After his succession as Louis XI of France in 1461, Louis united the Dauphiné with France, bringing it permanently under royal control.

After it was destroyed during the Hundred Years ' War, King Louis XI ( 1461 – 1483 ) rebuilt Château de Langeais into what today is one of the best known examples of late medieval architecture.

Charles VII did little to repair the loss of these books, but the invention of printing resulted in the starting of another collection in the Louvre inherited by Louis XI in 1461.

Jenson left Mainz in 1461, but with no desire to return to France after King Charles ' death in 1461, as he had little desire to return under the new rule of Louis XI.

* under Louis XI-Provence ( 1482 ), Dauphiné ( 1461, under French control since 1349 )

Between 1454 and 1461 he left the Burgundian court to work for the French kings Charles VII and Louis XI in Paris, where he died of the plague in 1466.

Anne of France ( or Anne de Beaujeu ) ( 3 April 1461 – 14 November 1522 ) was the eldest daughter of Louis XI of France and his second wife, Charlotte of Savoy.

Anne was born at the Chateau of Genappe in Brabant on 3 April 1461, the eldest surviving daughter of King Louis XI of France and Charlotte of Savoy.

He was released by Louis XI upon terms at his accession in 1461, but he refused to keep them and was imprisoned again.

Kervyn de Lettenhove's text includes the portions of the chronicle covering the periods September 1419 to October 1422, January 1430 to December 1431, 1451 – 1452, July 1454 to October 1458, July 1461 to July 1463, and, with omissions, June 1467 to September 1470 ; and three volumes of minor pieces of considerable interest, especially Le Temple de Boccace, dedicated to Margaret of Anjou, and the Déprécation for Pierre de Brézé when imprisoned by Louis XI.

* 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Ayyubids of Egypt capture King Louis IX of France in the Battle of Fariskur.

* 1706 – Louis de Cahusac, French playwright and librettist, and Freemason ( d. 1759 )

* 1902 – Louis Beel, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands ( d. 1977 )

* 1904 – The Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair opens in St. Louis, Missouri.

* 1664 – Fran &# 231 ; ois Louis, Prince of Conti, French general ( d. 1709 )

* 1979 – A Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb kills British World War II admiral Louis Mountbatten and three others while they are boating on holiday in Sligo, Republic of Ireland.

* 1644 – Louise de La Vallière, French mistress of Louis XIV of France ( d. 1710 )

* 1962 – Louis Lipps, American football player

* 1792 – King Louis XVI of France is formally arrested by the National Tribunal, and declared an enemy of the people.

* 1717 – Louis François, Prince of Conti ( d. 1776 )

* 1764 – Louis Baraguey d ' Hilliers, French general ( d. 1816 )

* 1920 – Louis Pauwels, French journalist and writer ( d. 1997 )

* 881 – Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu: Louis III of France defeats the Vikings, an event celebrated in the poem Ludwigslied.

* 1899 – Louis Chiron, Monegasque race car driver ( d. 1979 )

In the Battle of Abensberg on 19 – 20 April 1809, Napoleon gained a significant victory over the Austrians under Archduke Louis of Austria and General Johann von Hiller.

* 1779 – Louis de Freycinet, French explorer ( d. 1842 )

* 1903 – Louis Leakey, Kenyan-English archaeologist ( d. 1972 )

* 1978 – Louis Saha, French footballer

* 778 – Louis the Pious ( d. 840 )

* 1672 – Franco-Dutch War: Louis XIV of France invades the Netherlands.

* 1892 – Louis de Broglie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1987 )

* 1682 – Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy ( d. 1712 )

* 1624 – The president of Louis XIII of France's royal council is arrested, leaving Cardinal Richelieu in the role of the King's principal minister.

* 1839 – The French government announces that Louis Daguerre's photographic process is a gift " free to the world ".

* 1743 – Madame du Barry, French mistress of Louis XV of France ( d. 1793 )