Contemporary Western scholars of hadith include: Herbert Berg, Fred M. Donner and Wilferd Madelung.

However Umar himself was characteristically guarded about his own creation, Dr. Wilferd Madelung in his book The Succession to Muhammad summarising Umar's contribution:

According to Wilferd Madelung, Muhammad loved them and declared them as his Ahl al-Bayt very frequently.

* Hussein ibn ' Ali by Wilferd Madelung, an article of Encyclopædia Iranica.

* Hasan ibn ' Ali by Wilferd Madelung, In Encyclopædia Iranica

* AL-BAQER by Wilferd Madelung, an article in Encyclopædia Iranica

* Ali al-Hadi by Wilferd Madelung an article of Encyclopædia Iranica

* Madelung, Wilferd.

Madelung, Wilferd -- The Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

According to The Succession to Muhammad by Wilferd Madelung, Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Ismaili Studies in London, Umar later described the event as a falta, a precipitate arrangement ( p. 30 ).

* Ali ibn Husayn by Wilferd Madelung, an article in Encyclopædia Iranica

According to the Institute for Shia Ismaili Studies in London's Shia ' ism researcher Wilferd Madelung, only Uthman and Ali were willing to take the burden of the caliphate.

Wilferd Madelung has rejected the stance of indiscriminately dismissing everything not included in " early sources " and in this approach tendentious alone is no evidence for late origin.

* Wilferd Madelung

The Shi ’ a and Institute for Shia Ismaili Studies in London's Shia ' ism researcher Wilferd Madelung believe that Malik was poisoned by Muawiyah I.

* Wilferd Madelung, The Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

* Madelung, Wilferd.

The Shi ’ a and Wilferd Madelung believe that Malik was poisoned by Muawiyah I.

Wilferd Ferdinand Madelung ( born 26 December 1930 ) is a scholar of Islam.

* Institute for Ismaili Studies-festschrift in honour of Wilferd Madelung.

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Madelung has immersed himself in the hadith literature and has made his own selection and evaluation of tradition.

Madelung said of hadith: " Work with the narrative sources, both those that have been available to historians for a long time and others which have been published recently, made it plain that their wholesale rejection as late fiction is unjustified and that with without a judicious use of them, a much more reliable and accurate portrait of the period can be drawn than has been realized so far.

The electrostatic potential can be expressed in terms of the inter-ionic separation and a constant ( Madelung constant ) that takes account of the geometry of the crystal.

This configuration agrees with the Madelung energy ordering rule, which predicts that 4s is filled before 3d.

A formalism has been worked out for those piezoelectric crystals, for which the polarization is of the crystal-field induced type, that allows for the calculation of piezoelectrical coefficients from electrostatic lattice constants or higher-order Madelung constants.

Around this time Erwin Madelung also developed a hydrodynamic version of Schrödinger's equation which is incorrectly considered as a basis for the density current derivation of the de Broglie – Bohm theory.

The Madelung equations, being quantum Euler equations ( fluid dynamics ), differ philosophically from the de Broglie – Bohm mechanics and are the basis of the hydrodynamic interpretation of quantum mechanics.

The positions shown in the table above correspond to the assumption that the Madelung rule will continue to hold for higher atomic numbers ; this assumption may or may not be true.

Pekka Pyykkö, for example, used computer modeling to calculate the positions of elements up to Z = 172, and found that several were displaced from the Madelung energy-ordering rule.

This period is known to have a large number of exceptions to the Madelung rule.

All period 2 elements completely obey the Madelung rule ; in period 2s, lithium and beryllium fill the 2s subshell, and boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon fill the 2p subshell.

Benign symmetric lipomatosis ( Madelung disease ) is another condition involving lipomatosis.

In quantum chemistry they arise as solutions to chemical kinetic systems, in which case they are derived from the Schrödinger equation by way of Madelung equations.

Madelung believed that Hasan was poisoned and that the famous early Islamic historian al-Tabari suppressed the tale out of concern for the faith of the common people.

Examples of intramolecular reactions are the Smiles rearrangement, the Dieckmann condensation and the Madelung synthesis.

In 1935, Georg Hans Madelung, a German engineer, professor, and aircraft designer, showed that a vehicle does not need a long tapered tail at high speeds.

German researcher Wilferd Madelung's book ( The Succession to Muhammad, p. 43 ), says that Ali and another prominent Muslim, Al-Zubayr, resisted for six months.

On January 2011, Bündchen came in first in the most desired female body on the 14th Annual Famed Hottest Looks survey, compiled by Beverly Hills plastic surgeons Dr. Richard Fleming and Dr. Toby Mayer.