** Phenylpiperidine derivative Opioids: Meperidine / Pethidine, Tramadol, Methadone, Fentanyl, Dextropropoxyphene, Propoxyphene.

Methadone ( also known as Symoron, Dolophine, Amidone, Methadose, Physeptone, Heptadon and many other names ) is a synthetic opioid, used medically as an analgesic and a maintenance anti-addictive and reductive preparation for use by patients with opioid dependency.

Methadone is also used in managing severe chronic pain, owing to its long duration of action, extremely powerful effects, and very low cost.

Methadone was introduced into the United States in 1947 by Eli Lilly and Company.

Methadone is mainly used in the treatment of opioid dependence.

Methadone is approved for different indications in different countries.

The treatment of opiate addicted persons with Methadone will follow one of two routes.

Methadone reduction programmes are suitable for addicted persons who wish to stop using drugs altogether.

When used correctly, Methadone maintenance has been found to be medically safe and non-sedating.

Some patients will be prescribed as much as 325 mg of methadone a day ; though a dose as low as 30 mg can prove fatal in an opiate naive individual, or in individuals who lack cross-tolerance to other opioids .. Patients prescribed Methadone for pain control, are likely to be given Methadone tablets, that come in the strength of 5mg in the Uk.

After a patient has been on a maintenance programme for a period, they will be offered the opportunity to move over to a Methadone reduction programme.

Policies on dose reduction vary from clinic to clinic, from a focus on tapering the patient down to a low dose of Methadone so that they can be detoxified completely, to tapering the dose down to less than 10mg so that they are able to abstain completely.

Methadone has traditionally been provided to people who are opiate dependent in a highly regulated methadone clinic, generally associated with an outpatient department of a hospital, though this varies country by country.

Methadone can provide a method of stable treatment of the symptoms associated with withdrawal and mental anguish, and, with a proper slow taper, can be discontinued after the patient feels he or she is ready, often after a year or more, which gives the addict time to get away from old habits or triggers.

Methadone maintenance is rarely covered by private insurance and patients are encouraged to enroll in public welfare programs or face upwards of $ 500 USD per month.

When an individual is leaving the UK with an amount of Methadone that exceeds 500mg, a Home Office Export Licence is required which should be arranged by the prescriber.

This licence allows the individual to export the licenced amount and import any remaining Methadone that has not yet been used. The granting of a licence does not guarentee that the Methadone or person will be allowed entrance into the country of travel.

Individuals who intend to undertake overseas travel should make contact with the embassy of the intended destination to arrange for the importation of the Methadone.

In the UK, when a prescriber of Methadone uses form FP10 for the daily dispensing of the drug, the name of the allocated pharmacy that the user must go to is included.

Methadone clinics in the U. S. charge anywhere from $ 5 – 400 per week, which may be covered by private insurance or Medicaid.

Deaths of persons recieveing Methadone are normally attributable to other factors, such as alcohol or additional drug use on top of the prescribed Methadone.

In studies done on Methadone users going through detox, individuals experienced different withdrawal symptoms and withdrawal periods even though they received their last dose at the same time.

In contrast to morphine, which was used to alleviate pain in the injured but also to boost the esteem, stamina, and drive of German soldiers in combat, methadone had effects that have been described as such ; " Dolophine ( Methadone ) had many adverse effects on the soldiers to whom it was given, leading to apathy, lethargy, and decreased willingness to engage in combat ".

Methadone was first manufactured in the USA by Eli Lilly, who obtained FDA approval on August 14, 1947, for their Dolophine 5 mg and 10 mg Tablets.

*** Methadone can be used for either treatment of opioid addiction / detoxification when taken once daily or as a pain medication and as such is usually administered on an every 12-hour or 8-hour dosing interval.

One reason for use of Methadone is its advantages for opioid rotation.

* Methadone, a synthetic opioid

In chronic pain conditions that are opioid responsive a combination of a long-acting ( Oxycontin, MS Contin, Opana ER, Exalgo and Methadone ) or extended release medication is often prescribed in conjunction with a shorter-acting medication ( oxycodone, morphine or hydromorphone ) for breakthrough pain, or exacerbations.

* The opioid Methadone is synthesized in Germany by scientists working at Hoechst AG.

MMT ( Methadone Maintenance Treatment ), a form of opioid replacement therapy, reduces and / or eliminates the use of illicit opiates, the criminality associated with opiate use, and allows patients to improve their health and social productivity.

* Our right to drugs: Drug addiction is not a " disease " to be cured through legal drugs ( Methadone instead of heroin ; which forgets that heroin was created in the first place to be a substitute to morphine, which in turn was created as a substitute to opium ), but a social habit.

* Methadone treatment program, a form of treatment for heroin addiction

This category also includes narcotic treatment programs that administer and dispense primarily Methadone for narcotic addiction treatment.

Methadone clinics operate as any other addiction medical facility.

The analgesic effect of Methadone has been known to mask the onset of malignant disease in patients undergoing treatment with Methadone, the disease only becoming apparent when the dose ( and pain-killing effect ) of Methadone is reduced.

Many patients report that Methadone's sedation effect is often less pronounced than with other opioids and cite this as a major argument for preferring Methadone as an analgesic .< ref > Persons reciveing MMT should not suffer from extreme sedation as a resullt of the treatment, due to the fact that a properly prescribed person will have had their dose titrated up to the optimal level to remove the effects of withdrawl, a point at which sedation should not be evident.

Methadone treatment may impair driving ability.

* Methadone maintenance treatment

** Methadone maintenance treatment

`` We've been looking for work, but all the ranchers have turned us down ''.

When they were finally satisfied, Jones said, `` I think he's going to give us work ''.

`` I mean, we don't have any way to get there and we can't expect you to quit work just to take us to town ''.

`` We'll pay you back if you'll let us.

We may take her with us -- to California.

Two men, together like us, we could do somethin fine out there, maybe find a place where no one's ever been.

Start out fresh, the two of us, like nothin had ever happened ''.

You see, he lied to us when he said he was leavin alone ''.

`` There's no chance now of all of us getting away.

The rest of us can fort up in the house and hang on until you get back.

Reverend Jason, looking worried, hurried toward us.

`` Dirion found a large war party south of us.

The Aricaras treated us like friends.

That's why the Trust don't want us to make it.

They poured through the opening in the valley, then spread out in a long line to come at us, brandishing their lances and filling the morning with their spine-chilling scalp cry.

When one of the men in the hall behind us spat on the floor and scraped his boot over the gob of spittle I noticed how the clerk winced.

`` You aren't one of us.

They blame us for all their troubles.

It cost us a hundred thousand dollars and thirty days lost time to fix them.

Where I go, she goes -- and the kids with us.

If any of us miss, they can pick up the pieces.

`` They haven't seen us '', Greg yelled to himself over the engine noise.

`` They haven't seen us ''.

Mrs. Roebuck very kindly let me drive through Sante Fe to a road which would, she said, lead us to Taos and then Raton and `` eventshahleh '' out of New Mexico.

The car was just about to us, its driver's fat, solemn face intent on the road ahead, on business, on a family in Sante Fe -- on anything but an old pick-up truck in which two human beings desperately needed rescue.