* Nattiez, Jean-Jacques.

" Musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez summarizes the relativist, post-modern viewpoint: " The border between music and noise is always culturally defined — which implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place ; in short, there is rarely a consensus ... By all accounts there is no single and intercultural universal concept defining what music might be.

A more extreme view is offered by Jean-Jacques Nattiez ( 1987 ; trans.

This process of discretization or segmentation is often considered, as by Jean-Jacques Nattiez ( 1990 ), necessary for music to become accessible to analysis.

The French musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez contends that ‘ the narrative, strictly speaking, is not in the music, but in the plot imagined and constructed by the listeners ’.

* Nattiez, Jean-Jacques.

* Nattiez, Jean-Jacques ( 1987 ).

Jean-Jacques Nattiez writes that musical analyses are determined by analytical situations especially in regard to the tripartition, plots, and transcendent principles.

* Nattiez, Jean-Jacques ( 1990 ).

* Nattiez, Jean-Jacques ( 1987 ).

Jean-Jacques Nattiez, OC, CQ, FRSC ( born December 30, 1945, Amiens, France ) is a musical semiologist or semiotician and professor of Musicology at the Université de Montréal.

fr: Jean-Jacques Nattiez

it: Jean-Jacques Nattiez

In the opinion of Jean-Jacques Nattiez, " in the last analysis, it is a human being who decides what is and is not musical, even when the sound is not of human origin.

His students include Jean-Jacques Nattiez.

# REDIRECT Jean-Jacques Nattiez

Cited in Nattiez, Jean-Jacques ( 1990 ).

* Nattiez, Jean-Jacques ( 1990 ).

* Nattiez, Jean-Jacques ( 1990 ).

* Nattiez, Jean-Jacques ( 1990 ).

* Nattiez, Jean-Jacques ( 1990 ).

Writers on music semiology include Kofi Agawu ( on topical theory, Schenkerian analysis ), Robert Hatten ( on topic, gesture ), Raymond Monelle ( on topic, musical meaning ), Jean-Jacques Nattiez ( on introversive taxonomic analysis and ethnomusicological applications ), Anthony Newcomb ( on narrativity ), and Eero Tarasti ( generally considered the founder of musical semiotics ).

* Nattiez, Jean-Jacques ( 1987 ).

Another writer says, " My own position can be summarized in the following terms: just as music is whatever people choose to recognize as such, noise is whatever is recognized as disturbing, unpleasant, or both " ( Nattiez 1990, 47 – 48 ).

" ( Middleton 1990, p. 172 ) See Nattiez ( 1976, 1987, 1989 ), Stefani ( 1973, 1986 ), Baroni ( 1983 ), and Semiotica ( 66: 1 – 3 ( 1987 )).

This includes the physical dimension or corpus being studied, the level of stylistic relevance studied, and whether the description provided by the analysis is of its immanent structure, compositional ( or poietic ) processes, perceptual ( or esthesic ) processes ( Nattiez 1990: 135-6 ), all three, or a mixture.

: ( Nattiez 1990: 136, he also points to Nettl 1964: 177, Boretz 1972: 146, and Meyer )

Chailley ( 1951, 12 ; cited in Nattiez 1990 ) gives the following diagram, a specific timeline he proposes:

( Nattiez 1990: 56 )

" ( Nattiez 1990: 57 )

( Nattiez 1990: 56 )

'" ( Nattiez 1990, p. 17 )

')" ( Nattiez 1990, p. 17 )

" ( Nattiez 1990, p. 71 )

" ( Middleton 1990, p. 172 ) See Nattiez ( 1976, 1987, 1989 ), Stefani ( 1973, 1986 ), Baroni ( 1983 ), and Semiotica ( 66: 1 – 3 ( 1987 )).

Cited in Nattiez ( 1987 ).

Cited in Nattiez ( 1987 ).

Cited in Nattiez ( 1987 ).

On the other hand, Costanzo Preve ( 1990 ) has assigned four " masters " to Marx: Epicurus ( to whom he dedicated his thesis, Difference of natural philosophy between Democritus and Epicurus, 1841 ) for his materialism and theory of clinamen which opened up a realm of liberty ; Jean-Jacques Rousseau, from which come his idea of egalitarian democracy ; Adam Smith, from whom came the idea that the grounds of property is labour ; and finally Hegel.

The hub of the road network is located at the old airport ( at the intersection of Boulevard Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Autoroute de Delmas ).

Jean-Jacques Rousseau would argue, however, that his concept of " general will " in the " social contract " is not the simple collection of individual wills and precisely furthers the interests of the individual ( the constraint of law itself would be beneficial for the individual, as the lack of respect for the law necessarily entails, in Rousseau's eyes, a form of ignorance and submission to one's passions instead of the preferred autonomy of reason ).

* Kitsikis, Dimitri ( 2006 ). Jean-Jacques Rousseau et les origines françaises du fascisme.

His son, Raymond Bernard became an influential French filmmaker ( using as scripts a number of works authored by his father ) while his son Jean-Jacques Bernard published a memoir of his father in 1955 titled Mon père Tristan Bernard ( My Father, Tristan Bernard ).

A circadian cycle was first observed in the 18th century in the movement of plant leaves by the French scientist Jean-Jacques d ' Ortous de Mairan ( for a description of circadian rhythms in plants by de Mairan, Linnaeus, and Darwin see this page ).

It was founded in Spain, on January 1961, by former officers, Pierre Lagaillarde ( who led the 1960 Siege of Algiers ), General Raoul Salan ( who took part in the 1961 Algiers putsch or " Generals ' Uprising ") and Jean-Jacques Susini, along with other members of the French Army, including Yves Guérin-Sérac, and former members of the French Foreign Legion from the First Indochina War ( 1946 – 54 ).

Houdon's subjects include Denis Diderot ( 1771 ), Benjamin Franklin ( 1778-09 ), Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1778 ), Voltaire ( 1781 ), Molière ( 1781 ), George Washington ( 1785 – 88 ), Thomas Jefferson ( 1789 ), Louis XVI ( 1790 ), Robert Fulton, 1803 – 04, and Napoléon Bonaparte ( 1806 ).

This new interest is also reflected in literature, most notably by Jean-Jacques Rousseau ’ s best-selling romantic novel “ Julie, ou la nouvelle Heloise ” ( 1761 ).

Jean-Jacques Rousseau added a new type of will to those discussed by philosophers, which he called the " General will " ( volonté générale ).

Napoleon ordered that several ships of the French Navy be named Marengo, including Sceptre ( 1780 ), Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1795 ), Ville de Paris ( 1851 ) and Marengo ( 1810 ).

Roddy Radiation fronted and worked with several bands including The Tearjerkers ( a band that he had begun in the last months of The Specials ), The Bonediggers, The Raiders and Three Men & Black which included of Jean-Jacques Burnel ( The Stranglers ), Jake Burns ( Stiff Little Fingers ), Pauline Black ( The Selecter ), Bruce Foxton ( The Jam ), Dave Wakeling ( The Beat, General Public ) and Nick Welsh ( Skaville UK ).

These " decadents " relished artifice over the earlier Romantics ' naïve view of nature ( see Jean-Jacques Rousseau ).

The phrase " civil religion " was first discussed extensively by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his 1762 treatise The Social Contract ( although this is a translation since Rousseau wrote in French ).

As commented in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's 1762 book The Social Contract, " Citizenship is the expression of a sublime reciprocity between individual and General will " ( Schama ; 1989 ; 354 ).

Other influences include psychedelic rock pioneers Pink Floyd ; film composer Ennio Morricone ; krautrockers Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk ; early pioneers of the eurodance electronica subgenre Space ; Jean-Jacques Perrey and Claude Perraudin ( although there are some echoes of dance music styles in the production ); French crooner Serge Gainsbourg ( Histoire de Melody Nelson, for example ); and soft rock duo The Carpenters ( Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft, for example ).

The practice of singing music to syllables designating pitch goes back to about AD 1000 with the work of Guido of Arezzo ; other early work in this area includes the cipher notation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 18th century ), and the tonic sol-fa of John Curwen ( 19th century ).

Jean-Jacques Rousseau strongly praised the simple life in many of his writings, especially in his Discourse on the Arts and Sciences ( 1750 ) and Discourse on Inequality ( 1754 ).

Both Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a critic of civil society, and Immanuel Kant argued that people are peace lovers and that wars are the creation of absolute regimes ( Burchill 2001: 33 ).

The slaves, led eventually by Toussaint Louverture and then, following his capture by the French in 1801, by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, held their own against French, Spanish, and British opponents, and ultimately achieved independence as Empire of Haiti in 1804 ( Haiti became the first black republic in the world, much earlier than any of the future African nations although it was not until the 19th century that Europeans began establishing colonies in Africa ).

Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel ( 11 May 1811 – 6 August 1893 ) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council ( 1864-1872 ).

In Haiti there were three such cases: Governor-General Jean-Jacques Dessalines became Emperor Jacques I ( 1804-06 ), President Henry Christophe became King Henri I ( 1811-20 ), and President Faustin Soulouque became Emperor Faustin I ( 1849-59 ).

In essence, early socialists contended that the emergence of competitive market societies did not create " liberty, equality and fraternity " for all citizens, requiring the intervention of politics and social reform to tackle social problems, injustices and grievances ( a topic on which Jean-Jacques Rousseau discourses at length in his classic work The Social Contract ).

Garner married two more times: Jean-Jacques Portail ( 1980 – 85 ) and Australian writer Murray Bail ( born 1941 ).

Among his works are monographs on Gustave Flaubert ( 1899 ), André Chénier ( 1902 ), Émile Zola ( 1903 ); an admirably concise Histoire de la littérature française depuis le XVII ' siècle jusqu ' a nos jours ; series of literary studies on the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries ; Questions politiques ( 1899 ); Propos littéraires ( 3 series, 1902 – 1905 ); Le Libéralisme ( 1902 ); and L ' Anticléricalisme ( 1906 ); Vie de Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1911 ); Petite histoire de la littérature française ( 1913 ).

This appearance led to a record contract, and to her working with producer-writer-arranger Erick Benzi ( Jean-Jacques Goldman, Céline Dion ).