Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt.

* Aba Island, in the White Nile River, Sudan

The farthest headwaters of the Nile, the Ruvyironza River, has its source in Burundi.

Aboukir Bay is a coastal indentation across, stretching from the village of Abu Qir in the west to the town of Rosetta to the east, where one of the mouths of the River Nile empties into the Mediterranean.

The second noteworthy characteristic is that the country borders on very different parts of the African continent: North Africa, with its Islamic culture and economic orientation toward the Mediterranean Basin ; West Africa, with its diverse religions and cultures and its history of highly developed states and regional economies ; Northeast Africa, oriented toward the Nile Valley and Red Sea region ; and Central or Equatorial Africa, some of whose people have retained classical African religions while others have adopted Christianity, and whose economies were part of the great Congo River system.

The city is along the Nile River, immediately south of the point where the river leaves its desert-bound valley and branches into the low-lying Nile Delta region.

In Cairo, and along the Nile River Valley, the climate is a desert climate ( BWh according to the Köppen climate classification system ), but often with high humidity due to the river valley's effects.

A river delta ( originally, the Nile River delta ) is so named because its shape approximates the upper-case letter delta ( the shape is a triangle ).

In antiquity, the Greek historian Herodotus mentioned that the world had been divided by unknown persons into three parts, Europe, Asia, and Libya ( Africa ), with the Nile and the River Phasis forming their boundaries — though he also states that some considered the River Don, rather than the Phasis, as the boundary between Europe and Asia.

Also included are the nine governorates of Lower Egypt in the Nile Delta region, the eight governorates of Upper Egypt along the Nile River south from Cairo to Aswan, and the five frontier governorates covering Sinai and the deserts that lie west and east of the Nile.

The length within Egypt of the River Nile in its northwards course from three central African sources – the White Nile, the Blue Nile, and the Atbara – totals some 1, 600 km.

The much shorter Atbara River, which also originates in Ethiopia, joins the main Nile north of Khartoum between the fifth and sixth cataracts ( areas of steep rapids ) and provides about 14 % of the Nile's waters in Egypt.

The agricultural industry is dependent on irrigation from the Nile River.

The Nile River system ( about 1, 600 km.

Once they were cut, they were carried by boat either up or down the Nile River to the pyramid.

Soon after, the Nile River valley of ancient Egypt was unified under the Pharaohs in the 4th millennium BC, and civilization quickly spread through the Fertile Crescent to the east coast of the sea and throughout the Levant, which happens to make the Mediterranean countries of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Israel part of the cradle of civilization.

Beginning of the Blue Nile River by its outlet from Lake Tana

But the march from Damietta toward Cairo through the Nile River Delta went slowly.

When she could keep him hidden no longer, rather than deliver him to be killed, she set him adrift on the Nile River in a small craft of bulrushes coated in pitch.

In the Middle Ages, they were known as Beja, and convoyed pilgrims from the Nile valley to Aidhab, the port of embarkation for Jeddah.

From time immemorial, they have acted as guides to caravans through the Nubian desert and up the Nile valley as far as Sennar.

The distinctive black color of Anubis " did not have to do with the jackal se but with the color of rotting flesh and with the black soil of the Nile valley, symbolizing rebirth.

The Nile valley extends approximately 800 km from Aswan to the outskirts of Cairo.

Since construction of the Aswan Dam, agriculture in the Nile valley depends on irrigation.

North of Isna ( 160 km north of Aswan ), the plateau on both sides of the valley rises to as much as 550 m above sea level ; at Qina ( some 90 km north of Isna ) the 300-m limestone cliffs force the Nile to change course towards the southwest for about 60 km before it turns northwest for about 160 km to Asyut.

Of the three usual routes to Mecca, Ibn Battuta chose the least-travelled, which involved a journey up the Nile valley, then east to the Red Sea port of Aydhab, Upon approaching the town however, a local rebellion forced him to turn back.

The region was one of the four riverine civilizations where writing was invented ( it being the first ), along with the Nile valley in Egypt, the Indus Valley in the Indian subcontinent, and Yellow River valley in China ( although writing is also known to have arisen independently in Mesoamerica ).

The Tigris and Euphrates River valleys form the northeastern portion of the Fertile Crescent, which also included the Jordan River valley and that of the Nile.

Graeme Barker states " The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases as part of strategies that still relied heavily on fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants " and suggests that these subsistence changes were not due to farmers migrating from the Near East but was an indigenous development, with cereals either indigenous or obtained through exchange.

Others suggest the technology moved west from the Nile Valley, although the Iron Age in the Niger River valley and the forest region appears to predate the introduction of metallurgy in the upper savanna by more than 800 years.

Because of his death and resurrection, Osiris was associated with the flooding and retreating of the Nile and thus with the crops along the Nile valley.

In the words of J. Desmond Clark, " It was early realized that the threefold division of culture into Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages adopted in the nineteenth century for Europe had no validity in Africa outside the Nile valley.

Although different native acacias were used, as was the wood from the local sycamore and tamarisk trees, deforestation in the Nile valley resulted in the need for the importation of wood, notably cedar, but also Aleppo pine, boxwood and oak, starting from the Second Dynasty.

It ended the Neolithic Subpluvial and likely initiated the most recent desiccation of the Sahara desert, triggering migration to river valleys, such as from central North Africa to the Nile valley.

* Agriculture appears in the valley of the Nile.

A few centuries ago it was found in North Africa along the Nile valley up to Khartum and north of the Sahara.

Between the valley of the Upper Nile and Ethiopia's border with Eritrea is a region of elevated plateaus from which rise the various tablelands and mountains that constitute the Ethiopian Highlands.

Thus, the Maasai, according to their own oral history, migrated south from the lower Nile valley north of Lake Turkana in about the 15th century, arriving in a long trunk of land stretching from what is now northern Kenya to what is now central Tanzania during the 17th and 18th centuries.

by the Atlas range, to the northeast a rocky plateau separates it from the Mediterranean ; this plateau gives place at the extreme east to the delta of the Nile.

The Nile delta consists of flat, low-lying areas.

Nile delta, and the entire course of the Nile

At Cairo, the Nile spreads out over what was once a broad estuary, subsequently filled by silt deposits to form what is now a fertile, fan-shaped delta some 250 km wide at its seaward extremity and extending about 160 km from north to south.

According to historical accounts from the first century AD, seven branches of the Nile once ran through the delta.

In the north, near the coast, the Nile delta embraces a series of salt marshes and lakes, the most notable among which are Idku, Al Burullus, and Manzilah.

) people live in three major regions of the country: Cairo and Alexandria and elsewhere along the banks of the Nile ; throughout the Nile delta, which fans out north of Cairo ; and along the Suez Canal.

Defensive positions were constructed west of Alexandria and on the approaches to Cairo while considerable areas in the Nile delta were flooded.

Atta was born on September 1, 1968 in Kafr el-Sheikh, located in Egypt's Nile delta region.

As prices rose for papyrus and the reed used for making it was over-harvested towards local extinction in the two nomes of the Nile delta that produced it, Pergamon adapted by increasing use of parchment.

They were comprehensively defeated by Ramses III, who fought them in " Djahi " ( the eastern Mediterranean coast ) and at " the mouths of the rivers " ( the Nile delta ), recording his victories in a series of inscriptions in his mortuary temple at Medinet Habu.

State of the art multi-analytical geoscientific approach to identify Cypriot Bichrome Wheelmade Ware reproduction in the Eastern Nile delta ( Egypt ).

Due to the differing ages of the rocks that constitute the majority of the Blue and White Nile, catchment areas of the changing provenance of sediment reaching the River Nile delta and East Mediterranean Sea can be discerned through Sr isotopic studies.

Construction of the Suez Canal was preceded by cutting a small fresh-water canal from the Nile delta along Wadi Tumilat to the future canal, with a southern branch to Suez and a northern branch to Port Said.

Her cult was popular throughout Egypt, but her most important temples were at Behbeit El-Hagar in the Nile delta, and, beginning in the reign with Nectanebo I ( 380 – 362 BCE ), on the island of Philae in Upper Egypt.

The origins of the cult of Isis are uncertain, but it is believed that she was originally an independent and popular deity in predynastic times, prior to 3100 BCE, at Sebennytos in the Nile delta.

The Battle of Abukir or Aboukir refers to three battles fought near Abukir, Egypt, on the Mediterranean coast west of the Nile delta:

* 1300 BC – Creation of canal linking the Nile delta to the Red Sea