Octavian emerged from a series of civil wars as the sole master of the Roman world, and in January 27 BC was appointed princeps senatus and given the cognomen " Augustus " ( Latin, " Majestic " or " Venerable "); henceforth he styled himself " Imperator Caesar Augustus ".

Though he quickly dropped " Octavianus " from his name and his contemporaries referred to him as " Caesar " during this period, historians refer to him as Octavian between 44 BC and 27 BC.

However, despite the fact that he never officially bore the name Octavianus, to save confusing the dead dictator with his heir, historians often refer to the new Caesar — between his adoption and his assumption, in 27 BC, of the name Augustus — as Octavian.

| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ; Octavian ; Gaius Octavius Thurinus

* 43 BC – The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (" Octavian ", later " Caesar Augustus "), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony is formed.

* Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, known in English as Octavian, Roman politician and general ( 62 BC – 14 )

For instance, as an adult, Augustus did not use his cognomen Octavianus ( shortened to Octavian ), since the gens Octavia was not nearly as esteemed as the Julii.

Born as Gaius Octavius, he was adopted by his great-uncle Julius Caesar and acquired the name of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ( hence his common name of Octavian ).

The first Emperor, Caesar Augustus, bore the name as a matter of course ; born Gaius Octavius, he was posthumously adopted by Caesar in his will, and per Roman naming conventions was renamed " Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus " ( usually called " Octavian " in English when referring to this stage of his life ).

Victor IV ( died 20 April 1164 ), born Octavian or Octavianus: Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli, was the cardinal priest of Santa Cecilia before he was elected as a Ghibelline antipope in 1159, following the death of Pope Adrian IV and the election of Alexander III.

* As part of his actions to strengthen his political ties to Caesar's former soldiers, in 42 BC, following the deification of Caesar, Octavian added Divi Filius ( Son of the Divine ) to his name, becoming Gaius Julius Caesar Divi Filius.

Octavian complained that Antony had no authority for being in Egypt ; that his execution of Sextus Pompeius was illegal ; that his treachery to the king of Armenia disgraced the Roman name ; that he had not sent half the proceeds of the spoils to Rome according to his agreement ; that his connection with Cleopatra and the acknowledgment of Caesarion as a legitimate son of Julius Caesar were a degradation of his office and a menace to himself.

On Caesar's return to Italy in September 45 BC, he filed his will, naming his grandnephew Gaius Octavius ( Octavian ) as the heir to everything, including his name.

Its location below Augustus ' residence is thought to be significant ; Octavian, before he became Augustus, had considered taking the name Romulus to indicate that he intended to found Rome anew.

* Octavian, the real name of Gus, the mouse in the 1950 Disney movie Cinderella

A minority of the cardinals, however, elected the cardinal priest Octavian, who assumed the name of Victor IV and became the German Emperor's antipope.

When Pope Hadrian IV died in 1159, the divided cardinals elected two popes: Roland of Siena, who took the name of Alexander III, and Octavian of Rome who, though nominated by fewer cardinals, was supported by Frederick and assumed the name of Pope Victor IV.

Following Caesar's murder, Octavian assumed permanent title of imperator and inaugurated his well prepared principate under the name Augustus in 27 BCE.

Cleopatra claimed Caesar was the father of her son and wished him to name the boy his heir, but Caesar refused, choosing his grandnephew Octavian instead.

The Second Triumvirate is the name historians give to the official political alliance of Octavian ( later known as Augustus ), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony, formed on 26 November 43 BC with the enactment of the Lex Titia, the adoption of which marked the end of the Roman Republic.

( It is important to emphasize that the name " Octavian " was never used by contemporaries: he was simply known as Caius Iulius Caesar ).

In a departure from history, Pullo reports to Octavian that Caesarion is dead, when in fact he has been brought to Rome under an assumed name to live with Pullo.

For political and personal reasons Octavian chose to emphasise his relationship with Caesar by styling himself simply " Imperator Caesar " ( whereto the Roman Senate added the honorific Augustus, " Majestic " or " Venerable ", in 27 BC ), without any of the other elements of his full name.

As the far right had gathered momentum ( the Guard, running under the name of " Everything for the Fatherland Party ", had obtained 15. 6 of the vote ), Carol was faced with the threat of an Iron Guard government, which would have been one deeply opposed to all of his political principles: he called on a third party, Octavian Goga's National Christian Party ( coming from the anti-Semitic far right but deeply opposed to the Guard ) to form a new cabinet in December of that year.

The scientific specific name butleri refers to Colonel Edward Arthur Butler, English ornithologist who sent specimens of the species to Allan Octavian Hume.

* 27 BC E, Octavian becomes Emperor under the name of Caesar Augustus, Begin of Julio-Claudian dynasty, Begin of the Principate, End of the Roman Republic, Octavian creates the Praetorian Guard, Construction of the Pantheon begins.

* 30 BC – Octavian ( later known as Augustus ) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.

* From Octavian to Augustus: Images Illustrating His Rise to Power.

The first part-stone amphitheatre in Rome was inaugurated in 29 – 30 BCE, in time for the triple triumph of Octavian ( later Augustus ).

During the Civil Wars that led to the Principate, Octavian ( later Augustus ) acquired the personal gladiator troop of his erstwhile opponent, Mark Antony.

However, on his death in 25 BC, Galatia was incorporated by Octavian Augustus into the Roman Empire, becoming a Roman province.

This constitutional tradition prevented both Julius Caesar and Octavian Augustus from accepting a crown ; instead they had to devise a confluence of several republican offices onto their persons in order to secure absolute power.

October 8 BC ) was an ally, friend and political advisor to Octavian ( who was to become the first Emperor of Rome as Caesar Augustus ) as well as an important patron for the new generation of Augustan poets.

After Caesar's assassination, Antony formed an official political alliance with Octavian ( the future Augustus ) and Lepidus, known to historians today as the Second Triumvirate.

Roman aureus bearing the portraits of Mark Antony ( left ) and Augustus | Octavian ( right ).

In the following years, Octavian, who was known as Augustus after 27 BC, managed to accumulate in his person all administrative, political, and military offices.

# Marriage to Octavia the Younger, sister of Octavian, later Augustus ; they had two daughters:

The city was renamed Colonia Iulia Philippensis, and then Colonia Augusta Iulia Philippensis after January, 27 BC, when Octavian received the title Augustus from the Roman Senate.

The most recent theory is that the vase in fact dates back to circa 32BC, and was commissioned by Octavian ( later Caesar Augustus ), as an attempt to promote his case against the two other consuls, Mark Anthony and Marcus Lepidus.

On the reverse is Octavian, the future Augustus ( Emperor to be ), Octavia his unfortunate sister, widow of Mark Anthony ( downcast flambeau, broken tablets ) and Livia, Octavian's third wife who outlived him.

However, it took a few centuries for Rome to become the great city of popular imagination, and it only became a great empire after the rule of Augustus ( Octavian ).

* January 16 – Octavian formally returns full power to the Senate, they give him the titles of Princeps and Augustus.

* 27 BC: The Roman Senate votes Octavian the title of Augustus.

The Pax Romana started after Octavian ( Augustus ) defeated Mark Antony in the Battle of Actium.

At this time, it was governed by a prefect ( presumably nominated by the consuls ), but in 148 it was attached to the province of Macedonia In 31 BC, it served Octavian ( Augustus ) as a base against Mark Antony.