Between Haredi Judaism and National Religious or Religious Zionist Judaism, there is also a category of Orthodox Jews known as ' Hardalim ', who combine Religious Zionism with a stricter adherence to Halacha.

Others suggest that God allowed the Nazis to persecute the Jews because Orthodox European Jews did not do enough to fight these trends, or did not support Zionism.

The Religious Zionist Movement is an Orthodox faction within the Zionist movement which combines a belief in the importance of establishing a Jewish state in the land of Israel following a religious way of life, in contrast to both secular Zionism and Haredi Orthodox movements.

The Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem ( Catholic ), the Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, the Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land, have recently joined together in order to proclaim and to publish the Jerusalem Declaration on Christian Zionism ( August 22, 2006 ).

Orthodox rabbi and leader of Religious Zionism, the Mizrachi movement in USA and British Mandate of Palestine.

Gaining Semicha in 1902, he travelled to Germany where he became acquainted with a more modern form of Orthodox Judaism that had a more tolerant attitude to secular education and to political Zionism ( although such attitudes were also present in the Lithuania of his youth, and in his grandfather ).

In Modern Orthodox philosophy ( which often is interwined with Religious Zionism, especially in America ), it is commonly believed that mitzvot have practical this-worldly sociological and educational effects on those who perform them, and in this manner, the mizvot will perfect the Jews and the world.

Major figures in the Religious Zionist Movement include Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook who became the Ashkenazi Jews Chief Rabbi of the British Mandate of Palestine in 1924 and tried to reconcile Zionism with Orthodox Judaism.

In 1924, when Kook became the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Palestine, he tried to reconcile Zionism with Orthodox Judaism.

Edah was a Modern Orthodox Jewish organization, generally associated with the liberal wing of Orthodox Judaism in the United States and with the Religious Zionism movement of Israel.

At first he aligned himself with religious Zionism and the Mizrachi movement, but after meeting Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld leader of the Haredi Jewish community, he became the political spokesman of the Haredim in Jerusalem and was elected political secretary of the Orthodox community council, Vaad Ha ' ir.

In The Crisis of Zionism, Peter Beinart writes that while the motto of Yeshiva University is Torah Umaddah that many Modern Orthodox leaders have abandoned that intellectual openness ' in favor of an insularity that bespeaks both fear and insularity: fear that Orthodox Judaism cannot survive a dialogue with the outside world and arrogance that the outside world can add nothing of value to the world of Torah.

Based on his lecture for the Union for Traditional Judaism, Prof. Shapiro discusses the complex relationships between Orthodox rabbis and a leading Talmudist at Conservative Judaism's seminary.

A puzzling twist to this controversy is the fact, apparently not well known, that Prof. Fackenheim himself was intermarried, and the Jewishness of one of his children was rejected by an Israeli Orthodox court, even though that son was converted via Orthodox ritual as a child, and is a citizen of Israel.

* The Haredization of American Orthodox Jewry, Prof. Chaim Waxman

Augustin Cardinal Bea, the director of the Secretariate for Christian Unity, has expressed as directly as anyone the new spirit that pervades the Church's stance toward the Protestant and Orthodox Churches.

In 1453 when the last vestige of ancient Roman power fell to the Turks, the city officially shifted religions -- although the Patriarch, or Pope, of the Orthodox Church continued to live there, and still does -- and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

With the exception of the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox Catholic Churches, most churches make no moral distinction between rhythm and mechanical or chemical contraceptives, allowing the couple free choice.

Today, the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches stand virtually alone in holding that conviction.

One boy said querulously about Orthodox Jews: `` It's the twentieth century, and they don't have to wear beards ''.

It appears that an Orthodox girl in the community disrupted plans for an outing sponsored by one of the Jewish service groups because she would not travel on Saturday and, in addition, required kosher food.

Another girl from a relatively large midwestern city described herself as `` the only Orthodox girl in town ''.

However, the wei books were also destroyed in a series of Orthodox Confucian purges which culminated in a final proscription in 605.

With a membership currently estimated at over 85 million members worldwide, the Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion in the world, after the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Churches.

Its intent was to provide the basis for discussions of reunion with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches, but it had the ancillary effect of establishing parameters of Anglican identity.

Some Eastern Orthodox Churches have issued statements to the effect that Anglican orders could be accepted, yet have still reordained former Anglican clergy ; other Orthodox churches have rejected Anglican orders altogether.

Anglican clergy who join the Orthodox Church are reordained ; but Orthodox Churches hold that if Anglicanism and Orthodoxy were to reach full unity in the faith, perhaps such reordination might not be found necessary.

It should be added, however, that a number of individual Orthodox theologians hold that under no circumstances would it be possible to recognise the validity of Anglican Orders.

The Eastern Orthodox Church observes several All Souls ' Days during the year.

The Eastern Orthodox Church dedicates several days throughout the year to the dead, mostly on Saturdays, because of Jesus ' resting in the Holy Sepulchre on that day.

* 1962 – Representatives from the Russian Orthodox Church and Vatican City meet in Metz, France, and come to an agreement wherein the Russian church would send observers to the Second Vatican Council and in exchange, the Roman Catholic Church would refuse to condemn Communism.

In the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches, the Abbot is referred to as the Hegumen.

In the Orthodox Church, only actual monastics are permitted to be elevated to the rank of Archimandrite.

Normally there are no celibate priests who are not monastics in the Orthodox Church, with the exception of married priests who have been widowed.

During the years 1106-1107 A. D., a Russian Orthodox Abbot named Daniel made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and recorded his experiences.

By no means do all Jews today believe in reincarnation, but belief in reincarnation is not uncommon among many Jews, including Orthodox.

Most Orthodox siddurim ( prayerbooks ) have a prayer asking for forgiveness for one's sins that one may have committed in this gilgul or a previous one.

Notable among Orthodox Jewish philosophers are Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler, Joseph B. Soloveitchik, and Yitzchok Hutner.

Modern Orthodox rabbis such as Joseph Soloveitchik, Norman Lamm, Randalf Stolzman, Abraham Besdin, Emanuel Rackman, Eliezer Berkovits and others have written on this issue ; many of their works have been collected in a volume published by the Rabbinical Council of America: Theological and Halakhic Reflections on the Holocaust ( edited by Bernhard H. Rosenberg and Fred Heuman, Ktav / RCA, 1992 ).

Rabbi Eliezer Berland, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Shuvu Bonim in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, has also brought thousands of Jews from secular backgrounds closer to Orthodox Judaism and Breslov.

Some other Orthodox rabbis, many but not all of them Modern Orthodox, follow a philosophy similar to Hirsch's, including Joseph H. Hertz, Isidore Epstein, and Eliezer Berkovits.

Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler ( 1892 – 30 December 1953 ) was an Orthodox rabbi, Talmudic scholar, and Jewish philosopher of the 20th century.

* Eliezer Samson Rosenthal, 20th century Israeli Religious Zionist Orthodox rabbi and academic talmudist