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* Owain Gwynedd is recognized as ruler of Wales.
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Owain and Gwynedd
Rhys was one of the most successful and powerful Welsh princes, and after the death of Owain Gwynedd of Gwynedd in 1170 was the dominant power in Wales.
Rhys made an alliance with Owain Gwynedd and after the failure of another invasion of Wales by Henry in 1165 was able to win back most of his lands.
Gruffydd formed an alliance with Gwynedd, and later in 1136 the sons of Gruffudd ap Cynan, Owain Gwynedd and Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, led an army to Ceredigion.
In 1143, when Rhys was eleven, Anarawd was murdered by the bodyguard of Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, brother of Owain Gwynedd, king of Gwynedd.
He built a castle in the commote of Mabudryd, but Cadell, aided by Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd who held Ceredigion for Gwynedd, destroyed it in 1146.
Maredudd and Rhys were able to drive Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd from Ceredigion by 1153.
Shortly after becoming ruler of Deheubarth, Rhys heard rumours that Owain Gwynedd was planning to invade Ceredigion in order to reclaim it for Gwynedd.
This invasion was not entirely successful, but Owain Gwynedd was induced to seek terms and to give up some territory in the north-east of Wales.
The earls were assisted by Cadwaladr, brother of Owain Gwynedd, and Owain's sons, Hywel and Cynan.
Rhys was summoned to appear before Henry at Woodstock to do homage together with Owain Gwynedd and Malcolm IV of Scotland.
He was met by the united forces of the Welsh princes, led by Owain Gwynedd and including Rhys.
In 1167 he joined Owain Gwynedd in an attack on Owain Cyfeiliog of southern Powys, and spent three weeks helping Owain besiege the Norman castle of Rhuddlan.
The departure of the Norman lords enabled Rhys to strengthen his position, and the death of Owain Gwynedd in late 1170 left him as the acknowledged leader of the Welsh princes.
In 1177 Rhys, Dafydd ab Owain, who had emerged as the main power in Gwynedd, and Cadwallon ap Madog from Rhwng Gwy a Hafren swore fealty and liege homage to Henry at a council held at Oxford.
* Rhys's daughter Gwenllian ferch Rhys married Rhodri ab Owain, prince of the western part of Gwynedd.
Owain Gwynedd and Gruffydd ap Rhys successfully captured considerable territories, including Carmarthen Castle.
* Maredudd ab Owain, King of Gwynedd
Owain and is
Particularly significant in this development were the three Welsh Arthurian romances, which are closely similar to those of Chrétien, albeit with some significant differences: Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain is related to Chrétien's Yvain ; Geraint and Enid, to Erec and Enide ; and Peredur son of Efrawg, to Perceval.
Owain is then thought to have been sent to London to study law at the Inns of Court.
That Owain Glyndŵr had another brother Gruffudd is likely ; that he possibly had a third, Maredudd, is suggested by one reference.
It is also in 1402 that mention of the French and Bretons helping Owain was first heard.
Nothing certain is known of Owain after 1412.
Owain is perhaps best remembered outside Wales as the mysterious Welshman of ' Owen Glendower ' in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1 who claims to be able to " call spirits from the vasty deep ," and proves later on that he can, at least, summon unearthly music.
Also located on the Square in Corwen is the Owain Glyndwr Hotel.
He is also a character in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1 and was the hero of James Hill's UK TV movie Owain, Prince of Wales, broadcast in 1983 in the early days of Channel 4 / S4C.
* 1400 – Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers.
* Henry II of England invades Wales and is defeated at the Battle of Ewloe by Owain Gwynedd.
* September 16 – Owain Glyndŵr is proclaimed Prince of Wales by his followers and begins attacking English strongholds in north-east Wales.
His grandson Llywelyn the Great is not known to have used the title ' Prince of Wales ' as such, although his use, from around 1230, of the style ' Prince of Aberffraw, Lord of Snowdon ' was tantamount to a proclamation of authority over most of Wales, and he did use the title ' Prince of North Wales ' as did his predecessor Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd.
It is Owain Glyndŵr, however, whom many Welsh people regard as being the last native Prince.
According to the chronicle Brut y Tywysogion, Godfrey Haroldson carried off two thousand captives from Anglesey in 987, and the king of Gwynedd, Maredudd ab Owain is reported to have redeemed many of his subjects from slavery by paying the Danes a large ransom.
There is no record of Iorwerth having taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son.
Owain is thought to have been born on Anglesey about the year 1100.
Altogether, the prolific Owain Gwynedd is said to have had the following children from two wives and at least four mistresses:
Owain is a recurring character in the Brother Cadfael series of novels by Ellis Peters, often referred to, and appearing in the novels Dead Man's Ransom and The Summer of the Danes.
Her focus with respect to Owain is on the fluctuating and factious relationship between England and Wales.
Owain of Strathclyde was defeated and Symeon states that the army went as far north as Dunnottar and Fortriu, while the fleet is said to have raided Caithness, by which a much larger area, including Sutherland, is probably intended.
His siblings include Edern, a warrior who appears in a number of Arthurian texts, and Owain ap Nudd, who is mentioned briefly in Geraint and Enid.
Taliesin may or may not have served Owain mab Urien following Urien's death, as the chronology is not entirely clear.
Owain and recognized
Owain I of Gwynedd, " ever prudent and sagacious ", recognized that he needed time to further consolidate power, and agreed to the terms.
Owain and ruler
Owain Glyndŵr (), or Owain Glyn Dŵr, ( c. 1349 or 1359 – c. 1416 ) was a Welsh ruler and the last native Welshman to hold the title Prince of Wales.
In 1404, to demonstrate his seriousness as a ruler, Owain held court at Harlech and appointed Gruffydd Young as his Chancellor.
Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of Iorwerth ap Owain and the grandson of Owain Gwynedd, who had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170.
He was known as Owain Gwynedd to distinguish him from another contemporary Owain ap Gruffydd, ruler of part of Powys who was known as Owain Cyfeiliog.
Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Cyfeiliog ( died c. 1216 ) was the last major ruler of mid Wales before the completion of the Norman English invasion.
In 1177 King Henry II gave the manors of Ellesmere and Hales in England to Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd ( who already had a castle at Rhuddlan and was, by this time, the sole ruler of Gwynedd.
Owain I ap Gruffydd succeeded his father to the greater portion of Gwynedd in accordance to Welsh law, the Cyfraith Hywel, the Laws of Hywel ; and became known as Owain Gwynedd to differiate him from another Owain ap Gruffydd, the Mathrafal ruler of Powys, known as Owain Cyfeiliog.
As ruler of Gwynedd, Owain stripped Cadwaladr of his lands, with Owain's son Hywel dispatched to Ceredigion, where he burned Cadwaladr's castle at Aberystwyth.
* Owain Glyndŵr, ( c. 1349 or 1359 – c. 1416 ), Welsh ruler and Prince of Wales, crowned in Machynlleth in 1404.
* 1137 Beginning of a civil war between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda over the succession to the English throne ; accession of Owain Gwynedd, the first Welsh ruler to style himself prince of Wales
* Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd ( died c. 1173 ), son of Owain Gwynedd and ruler of Anglesey
They are all poems of praise: one for Cynan Garwyn, king of Powys about 580 ; two for Gwallawg, king of Elmet, a kingdom based around the modern Leeds ; the other nine poems are associated with Urien Rheged, a ruler of the kingdom of Rheged, located around the Solway Firth, and with his son, Owain.
Owain ap Gruffudd, ( also known as Owain Goch ( Owain the Red )), ( died 1282 ), was brother to Llywelyn the Last and Dafydd ap Gruffudd and, for a brief period in the late 1240s and early 1250s, ruler of part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd ( in modern-day north Wales ).
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