* Pioneer 3 & 4

* Pioneer P-3 ( Atlas-Able 4, Atlas-Able 4B, Pioneer X ) – Lunar probe, lost in launcher failure November 26, 1959

* Pioneer 5 ( Pioneer P-2, Thor-Able 4, Pioneer V ) – interplanetary space between Earth and Venus, launched March 11, 1960

* 2005 Pioneer Anomaly Conference-Mentions March 4, 2006 Contact Attempt

Location and approximate trajectories of Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft as of April 4, 2007

The trapped radiation was first mapped out by Explorer 4, Pioneer 3 and Luna 1.

Pioneer Venus Orbiter or Pioneer Venus 1 was inserted into an elliptical orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978.

* Pioneer 4 – 3 March 1959 – Lunar flyby

Pioneer 0 was launched on Thor missile number 127 at 12: 18: 00 UTC on August 17, 1958 by the United States Air Force, only 4 minutes after the scheduled launch time.

The scientific instrument package had a mass of 15. 6 kg ( 34. 4 lb ) and consisted of an STL image-scanning television system ( which replaced the NOTS image scanning infrared television system on Pioneer 1 ), a proportional counter for radiation measurements, an ionization chamber to measure radiation in space, a diaphragm / microphone assembly to detect micrometeorites, a spin-coil magnetometer to measure magnetic fields to 5 microgauss, and temperature-variable resistors to record spacecraft internal conditions.

Pioneer 4 was a spin-stabilized spacecraft launched as part of the Pioneer program on a lunar flyby trajectory and into a heliocentric orbit making it the first U. S. probe to escape from the Earth's gravity.

However, Pioneer 4 did not come close enough to trigger its photoelectric sensor.

Pioneer 4 was a cone-shaped probe 51 cm high and 23 cm in diameter at its base.

Pioneer 4 was launched with a Juno II launching vehicle, which also launched Pioneer 3.

Pioneer 4 was mounted on top of stage 4.

After a successful launch Pioneer 4 achieved its primary objective ( an Earth-Moon trajectory ), returned radiation data and provided a valuable tracking exercise.

* Luna 1-a similar Soviet space program mission launched January 2, 1959, several weeks before Pioneer 4.

* 1973 – Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft.

* 1958 – Pioneer 0, America's first attempt at lunar orbit, is launched using the first Thor-Able rocket and fails.

* 2002 – The last successful telemetry from the NASA space probe Pioneer 10.

* 1983 – Pioneer 10 travels beyond Pluto's orbit.

* 1973 – Pioneer program: Pioneer 10 sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.

* 1984 – 1990 Pioneer

* 1987 – 1990 Pioneer

* 1983 – Pioneer 10 becomes the first man-made object to leave the central Solar System when it passes beyond the orbit of Neptune ( the furthest planet from the Sun at the time ).

* 1925 – The most famous Young Pioneer camp of the Soviet Union, Artek, is established.

* 1960 – Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.

* 2003 – Final communication between Earth and Pioneer 10.

* 1972 – The Pioneer 10 space probe is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets.

* 1958 – Pioneer program: NASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 ( the probe falls back to Earth and burns up ).

* Pioneer 0 ( Thor-Able 1, Pioneer ) – Lunar orbiter, destroyed ( Thor failure 77 seconds after launch ) August 17, 1958

* Pioneer 1 ( Thor-Able 2, Pioneer I ) – Lunar orbiter, missed Moon ( third stage partial failure ) October 11, 1958

* Pioneer 2 ( Thor-Able 3, Pioneer II ) – Lunar orbiter, reentry ( third stage failure ) November 8, 1958

* Pioneer P-30 ( Atlas-Able 5A, Pioneer Y ) – Lunar probe, failed to achieve lunar orbit September 25, 1960

* Pioneer P-31 ( Atlas-Able 5B, Pioneer Z ) – Lunar probe, lost in upper stage failure December 15, 1960

* Pioneer 3 – Lunar flyby, missed Moon due to launcher failure December 6, 1958

In order to understand the micrometeoroid population better, a number of spacecraft ( including Lunar Orbiter 1, Luna 3, Mars 1 and Pioneer 5 ) have carried micrometeoroid detectors.

The Lunar Laser Ranging experiment combined with data of LAGEOS satellites refutes that simple gravity modification is the cause of the Pioneer anomaly .< ref >

Five years after the early Able space probe missions ended, NASA Ames Research Center used the Pioneer name for a new series of missions, initially aimed at the inner solar system, before the bold flyby missions to Jupiter and Saturn.

In 1978, the end of the program saw a return to the inner solar system, with the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Multiprobe, this time using orbital insertion rather than flyby missions.

* Pioneer 10 – first Jupiter flyby, first close up images

* Pioneer 11 – second Jupiter flyby + first Saturn flyby ( first close up images of Saturn )

Pioneer 10 – First Jupiter flyby

* Pioneer 10 – 3 March 1972 – First Jupiter flyby

* Pioneer 11 – 5 April 1973 – Jupiter flyby and First Saturn flyby

Image: Pioneer 10 at Jupiter. gif | Pioneer 10First Jupiter flyby

Image: Pioneer 11 at Saturn. gif | Pioneer 11First Saturn flyby

While Pioneer 3 did not meet its primary mission objective of a lunar flyby, the data obtained was of particular value to James Van Allen.

The Saturn flyby of Pioneer 11 would also greatly influence its future direction and destination as compared to Pioneer 10, but this fact is not depicted in the plaques.

A model of inertia using Unruh radiation and a Hubble-scale Casimir effect, which, unlike MOND, has no adjustable parameters, has been proposed to explain the Pioneer anomaly and the flyby anomaly.

Pioneer H scientific observations at Jupiter ( magnetometer ) planned for the OOE slingshot flyby, would be one of the scientific objectives of this polar orbiting spacecraft ( Juno ).