The design of the instrument was based on that of an instrument flown on the Pioneer Venus spacecraft.

* Pioneer 5 ( Pioneer P-2, Thor-Able 4, Pioneer V ) – interplanetary space between Earth and Venus, launched March 11, 1960

In 1978, the end of the program saw a return to the inner solar system, with the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Multiprobe, this time using orbital insertion rather than flyby missions.

Artist's conception of the Pioneer Venus spacecraft

* Pioneer Venus Orbiter ( Pioneer Venus 1, Pioneer 12 ) – launched December 1978

* Pioneer Venus Multiprobe ( Pioneer Venus 2, Pioneer 13 ) – launched August 1978

** Pioneer Venus Probe Bus – transport vehicle and upper atmosphere probe

** Pioneer Venus Large Probe – 300 kg parachuted probe

** Pioneer Venus North Probe – 75 kg impactor probe

** Pioneer Venus Night Probe – 75 kg impactor probe

** Pioneer Venus Day Probe – 75 kg impactor probe

* 1973 – Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft.

* 1958 – Pioneer 0, America's first attempt at lunar orbit, is launched using the first Thor-Able rocket and fails.

* 2002 – The last successful telemetry from the NASA space probe Pioneer 10.

* 1983 – Pioneer 10 travels beyond Pluto's orbit.

* 1973 – Pioneer program: Pioneer 10 sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.

* 1984 – 1990 Pioneer

* 1987 – 1990 Pioneer

* 1983 – Pioneer 10 becomes the first man-made object to leave the central Solar System when it passes beyond the orbit of Neptune ( the furthest planet from the Sun at the time ).

* 1925 – The most famous Young Pioneer camp of the Soviet Union, Artek, is established.

* 1960 – Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.

* 2003 – Final communication between Earth and Pioneer 10.

* 1972 – The Pioneer 10 space probe is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets.

* 1958 – Pioneer program: NASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 ( the probe falls back to Earth and burns up ).

* Pioneer 0 ( Thor-Able 1, Pioneer ) – Lunar orbiter, destroyed ( Thor failure 77 seconds after launch ) August 17, 1958

* Pioneer 1 ( Thor-Able 2, Pioneer I ) – Lunar orbiter, missed Moon ( third stage partial failure ) October 11, 1958

* Pioneer 2 ( Thor-Able 3, Pioneer II ) – Lunar orbiter, reentry ( third stage failure ) November 8, 1958

* Pioneer P-3 ( Atlas-Able 4, Atlas-Able 4B, Pioneer X ) – Lunar probe, lost in launcher failure November 26, 1959

Sagan assembled the first physical message that was sent into space: a gold-anodized plaque, attached to the space probe Pioneer 10, launched in 1972.

Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 | 11 are the most famous probes in the Pioneer program, the first probes to visit the Solar system # Outer planets | outer planets, and the first to go beyond the orbit of Pluto.

The railway post office | RPO section of the Pioneer ZephyrIn response to Armstrong's request to experiment with the concept, the first railway post office ( RPO ) began operating on the Chicago and North Western Railway between Chicago and Clinton, Iowa, on August 28, 1864.

* 1979 – The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of.

** The Pioneer 10 spacecraft is launched from Cape Kennedy, to be the first man-made satellite to leave the solar system.

* December 3 – Pioneer program: Pioneer 10 sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.

** The U. S. Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn, when it passes the planet at a distance of 21, 000 km.

Some of these first museums that are now well known in the United States are Colonial Williamsburg, Plimoth Plantation, Connor Prairie Pioneer Settlement, and Old Sturbridge Village.

* Pioneer 10 – first Jupiter flyby, first close up images

* Pioneer 11 – second Jupiter flyby + first Saturn flyby ( first close up images of Saturn )

Pioneer pastoralists, often men with experience as squatters in Australia, leased lands from the government at the annual rate of £ 5 plus £ 1 for each 1, 000 sheep above the first 5, 000.

* Pioneer Venus 1 – 20 May 1978 – Venus orbiter

Pioneer P-3 ( also known as Atlas-Able 4 or Pioneer X ) was intended to be a lunar orbiter probe, but the mission failed shortly after launch.

Pioneer P-30 ( also known as Atlas-Able 5A, or Pioneer Y ) was intended to be a lunar orbiter probe, but the mission failed shortly after launch on September 25, 1960.

Pioneer P-31 ( also known as Atlas-Able 5B or Pioneer Z ) was intended to be a lunar orbiter probe, but the mission failed shortly after launch.

* Pioneer Venus project — US Venus orbiter and entry probes ( 1978 )

* Pioneer P-3, an intended lunar orbiter probe

However, as a side effect, a number of unmanned probes-including the Viking program, Pioneer Venus project, Mariner 10, Pioneers 10 and 11, and the Voyager program-are cancelled so that their funding can be redirected to the manned Mars mission, although another Mariner orbiter is sent to Mars to help prepare for the manned landing.