It is noteworthy that Socrates ( Plato, Phaedo, 98 B ) accuses Anaxagoras of failing to differentiate between nous and psyche, while Aristotle ( Metaphysics, Book I ) objects that his nous is merely a deus ex machina to which he refuses to attribute design and knowledge.

Plato posited a basic argument in The Laws ( Book X ), in which he argued that motion in the world and the Cosmos was " imparted motion " that required some kind of " self-originated motion " to set it in motion and to maintain that motion.

Debates concerning the nature, essence and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity ; namely, to treatises like the Timaeus of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called khora ( i. e. " space "), or in the Physics of Aristotle ( Book IV, Delta ) in the definition of topos ( i. e. place ), or even in the later " geometrical conception of place " as " space qua extension " in the Discourse on Place ( Qawl fi al-Makan ) of the 11th century Arab polymath Alhazen.

by Plato in The Republic, Book ii, Ch.

Plato, in his dialogue The Republic Book 6 ( 509D – 513E ), has Socrates explain through the literary device of a divided line his fundamental metaphysical ideas as four separate but logically connected models of the world.

In Book II, Quintilian sides with Plato ’ s assertion in the Phaedrus that the rhetorician must be just: “ In the Phaedrus, Plato makes it even clearer that the complete attainment of this art is even impossible without the knowledge of justice, an opinion in which I heartily concur " ( Quintilian 2. 15. 29 ).

In Book II of The Republic, Plato describes Socrates ' dialogue with his pupils.

In developing this in Book X, Plato tells of Socrates ' metaphor of the three beds: one bed exists as an idea made by God ( the Platonic ideal ); one is made by the carpenter, in imitation of God's idea ; one is made by the artist in imitation of the carpenter's.

In Book III of his Republic ( c. 373 BCE ), Plato examines the style of poetry ( the term includes comedy, tragedy, epic and lyric poetry ): All types narrate events, he argues, but by differing means.

In Book III of his Republic ( c. 373BC ), the ancient Greek philosopher Plato examines the " style " of " poetry " ( the term includes comedy, tragedy, epic and lyric poetry ): All types narrate events, he argues, but by differing means.

Plato discusses forms in the Republic, Book X, by using real things, such as a bed, for example, and calls each way a bed has been made, a " bedness ".

In Book V, after an interesting preface concerning regular polygons, and containing remarks upon the hexagonal form of the cells of honeycombs, Pappus addresses himself to the comparison of the areas of different plane figures which have all the same perimeter ( following Zenodorus's treatise on this subject ), and of the volumes of different solid figures which have all the same superficial area, and, lastly, a comparison of the five regular solids of Plato.

* Plato, Republic Book 2, translated by Benjamin Jowett ( 1892 ).

* Plato, The Republic ( ca 370 BC ) Book I, 33IB

* Plato, Audio Book ( s )-English translation by Benjamin Jowett, –

Some refer to Plato ´ s Republic ( Book X ); others refer to Ludwig Wittgenstein ´ s Tractatus or to Charles Sanders Peirce's triad icon-index-symbol.

In terms of why it is best to be just rather than unjust for the individual, Plato prepares an answer in Book IX consisting of three main arguments.

Plato of Tivoli translated the Arab astrologer Albohali's " Book of Birth " into Latin in 1136.

Book 9 relates the abstract geometry of Plato to the everyday work of the surveyor.

Since, it is the smallest cube that's also the sum of three cubes ( Plato was among the first to notice this, and mentioned it in Book VIII of Republic ).

Book Alpha also surveys previous philosophies from Thales to Plato, especially their treatment of causes.

Aristotle also does this himself, and though he professes to work differently from Plato by trying to start with what well-brought up men would agree with, by book VII, Aristotle eventually comes to argue that the highest of all human virtues is itself not practical, being contemplative wisdom ( theōria 1177a ).

In the Republic, book VII, Plato uses the metaphor of a prisoner in a cave, bound and unable to move, sitting with his back to a fire and watching the shadows cast on the wall in front of him by people carrying objects behind his back.

All through The Republic, Plato attends to the way art relates to the general life and ultimately to a good life for his citizens.

Those who wanted to close the theaters, for example, pointed to Plato's Republic and those who wished to keep them open called on the Plato of the Ion to testify in their behalf.

In his dialogues ( e. g. Republic 399e, 592a ), Plato has Socrates utter, " by the dog " ( kai me ton kuna ), " by the dog of Egypt ", " by the dog, the god of the Egyptians " ( Gorgias, 482b ), for emphasis.

Clement, following Plato ( Republic 4: 441 ), divides life into three elements: character, actions and passions.

Silvermintz notes that, " Historians of economic thought credit Plato, primarily on account of arguments advanced in his Republic, as an early proponent of the division of labor .” Notwithstanding this, Silvermintz argues that, " While Plato recognizes both the economic and political benefits of the division of labor, he ultimately critiques this form of economic arrangement insofar as it hinders the individual from ordering his own soul by cultivating acquisitive motives over prudence and reason.

* Plato, The Republic, translated by Desmond Lee, Penguin Classics, 2003, ISBN 0-14-044914-0, ISBN 978-0-14-044914-3

Politically motivated educational reforms of the democratic type are recorded as far back as Plato in The Republic.

At first approaching the subject through The Republic by Plato, he soon turned to contemporary ideas of socialism as expressed by the recently formed Fabian Society and free lectures delivered at Kelmscott House, the home of William Morris.

In his dialogue Republic, Plato uses Socrates to argue for justice that covers both the just person and the just City State.

In Republic by Plato, the character Thrasymachus argues that justice is the interest of the strong — merely a name for what the powerful or cunning ruler has imposed on the people.

In the Routledge philosophy guidebook to Plato and the Republic, Nickolas Pappas describes the " problem of misogyny " and states

Although Plato famously condemned poetic myth when discussing the education of the young in the Republic, primarily on the grounds that there was a danger that the young and uneducated might take the stories of Gods and heroes literally, nevertheless he constantly refers to myths of all kinds throughout his writings.

* The Republic ( Plato ), a dialogue by Plato

These authors, in such works as The Republic and Laws by Plato, and The Politics and Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle, analyzed political systems philosophically, going beyond earlier Greek poetic and historical reflections which can be found in the works of epic poets like Homer and Hesiod, historians like Herodotus and Thucydides, and dramatists such as Sophocles, Aristophanes, and Euripides.

The majority of Proclus ' works are commentaries on dialogues of Plato ( Alcibiades, Cratylus, Parmenides, Republic, Timaeus ).

These four studies compose the secondary part of the curriculum outlined by Plato in The Republic, and are described in the seventh book of that work.

* Plato, The Republic.

In the Republic Plato makes Socrates tell how Er, the son of Armenius, miraculously returned to life on the twelfth day after death and recounted the secrets of the other world.

In The Republic ( 509d-510a ), Plato describes the Divided Line this way:

* The Republic ( written around 380 BC ) by Plato is one of the earliest conceptions of a utopia.

* Plato, Republic ( esp.