Paint manufacturers began replacing white lead pigments with the less toxic substitute, titanium white ( titanium dioxide ), before lead was banned in paint for residential use in 1978 by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission.

Product liability is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause.

At the peak of the market over 250 manufacturers were listed in the SBus Product Directory, which was renamed to the SPARC Product Directory in 1996.

* Product Lifecycle Management ( PLM ) – helps manufacturers with product-related information

While both concepts bring the onus of waste management for end-of-life products from the government to the manufacturers, Product Stewardship further extends this responsibility to everyone involved in the life-cycle of the product.

Product manufacturers may also learn if a chemical in their products has been removed from the Proposition 65 list, such as Saccharin, removed December 2010.

Product liability refers to the liability of manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers for unreasonably dangerous products.

This policy approach, which differs from Product Stewardship, which shares responsibility across the chain of custody of a product, attempts to relieve local governments of the costs of managing certain priority products by requiring manufacturers internalize the cost of recycling within the product price.

* Product uniformity, including any components, such as soles, heels and uppers for shoes and shoes made to uniform sizes, although in the early years a given size from different manufacturers had different dimensions.

" For manufacturers, the CPSC instituted the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, which changed the cap on lead content in paint from 0. 06 % to 0. 009 % starting August 14 2009.

( Note: At GCSE the 4 Ps are Place, Promotion, Product and Price and the " secret " 5th P is Packaging, but which applies only to physical products, not services usually, and mostly those sold to individual consumers )

* Product – The actual product differs from normal mass produced goods since the vendor company actually stays the owner of the original code and auxiliary materials, while product is used by consumers under a license, either signed or shrink-wrapped.

In the U. S., consumers spend approximately US $ 1 trillion annually on food, or nearly 10 percent of the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ).

The Consumer Product Safety Commission has attempted to increase awareness of potential hazards and has made it easier for consumers to report potentially dangerous products.

Product mixers have been implemented in a wide variety of ways.

In this design we have six relvars: Customer, Order, Order Line, Invoice, Invoice Line and Product.

Product placement, whereby companies and corporations pay to have their products included in television programming for marketing purposes is highly prevalent in reality television.

Product vendors can choose to implement products that comply with one or more PPs, and have their products evaluated against those PPs.

Other ways of measuring innovation have traditionally been expenditure, for example, investment in R & D ( Research and Development ) as percentage of GNP ( Gross National Product ).

BO2k developers counter these concerns in their Note on Product Legitimacy and Security, pointing out — among other things — that some remote administration tools widely recognized as legitimate, also have options for silent installation and operation.

Doug Mahugh-while working for Microsoft ( a promoter of Office Open XML, a Microsoft document format competing with OASIS's ISO / IEC 26300, i. e. OpenDocument ) as a Senior Product Manager specializing in Office client interoperability-claimed that many countries have expressed frustration about the pace of OASIS's responses to defect reports that have been submitted on ISO / IEC 26300 and the inability for SC 34 members to participate in the maintenance of ODF.

Furthermore, in the Journal of Product & Brand Management article “ Status Brands: Examining the Effects of Non-product-related Brand Associations on Status and Conspicuous Consumption ” ( 2002 ), A. O ’ Cass and H. Frost reported that sociologists often have incorrectly and inaccurately used the terms “ status consumption ” and “ conspicuous consumption ” as interchangeable and equivalent terms.

An MFP ( Multi Function Product / Printer / Peripheral ), multifunctional, all-in-one ( AIO ), or Multifunction Device ( MFD ), is an office machine which incorporates the functionality of multiple devices in one, so as to have a smaller footprint in a home or small business setting ( the SOHO market segment ), or to provide centralized document management / distribution / production in a large-office setting.

In the United States, the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the American National Standards Institute have created a Standardized Document and Training System for certification of Playground Safety Inspectors.

Product Managers may also have one or more direct reports who manage operational tasks and / or a Change Manager who can oversee new initiatives.

Thai Rak Thai's policies have included a 30 Baht per hospital visit scheme, an extended debt moratorium for farmers, 1 million Baht microcredit development funds for all rural districts, and the One Tambon One Product project.

In June 2012, Tridonic jointly with other Zumtobel Group brands ; is the first company in the lighting industry to have introduced Environmental Product Declarations ( EPD ) in line with ISO 14025 and EN 15804.

The committee was told that the alternative was a run on German banks and the eventual collapse of the European finance system and “ You would have woken up on Monday morning in the film Apocalypse Now ” The bank had just 319 employees but was allowed to guarantee loans valued at 14 times Ireland's Gross Domestic Product.

There are currently seven breweries that are allowed to have the products they sell display the Authentic Trappist Product logo:

A series of visualizations such as the Product Exports Treemaps and the Product Space have been developed in the framework of this project as well.

The Department of Environmental Conservation's website states that petroleum companies participating in the cleanup have used a Free Product Recovery System for groundwater, rather than the soils.

On May 31, 2012, Google announced that Google Product Search would become Google Shopping, an entirely monetized service where merchants would have to pay Google in order for their products to be displayed.

Product placement within Irish produced programming had previously been banned by broadcasting authorities in Ireland, though in the past Irish viewers have been used to product placement as seen on US television and film productions.

Two particulate copper systems, one marketed as MicroPro and the other as Wolmanized using μCA-C formulation, have achieved Environmentally Preferable Product ( EPP ) certification.

In recent years, some proposals to extend the method to 2D and 3D have been put forward, extending the definition of the Matrix Product States.

The U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission warns against practicing it with babies because of risk of suffocation or strangulation, but many pediatricians, breast-feeding advocates, and others have criticized this recommendation.

According to the Central Bank of Armenia, in 2005, cash remittances from Armenians working abroad reached a record-high level of $ 1 billion, which is worth more than one fifth of the country ’ s 2005 Gross Domestic Product.

Product mixers can either up-convert or down-convert an input signal frequency, but they are more commonly used to down-convert to a lower frequency to allow for simpler filter designs, as done in superheterodyne receivers.

However, Mexico was one of the Latin American nations most affected by the 2008 recession with its Gross Domestic Product contracting by more than 6 %.

According to Russian government statistics, the economic decline was far more severe than the Great Depression was in the United States in terms of Gross Domestic Product.

Product developers might also use floating point DSP's to reduce the cost and complexity of software development in exchange for more expensive hardware, since it is generally easier to implement algorithms in floating point.

Greece attracts more than 17. 5 million people each year, contributing 15 % to the nation's Gross Domestic Product.

Product coverage groups focus on financial products, such as mergers and acquisitions, leveraged finance, public finance, asset finance and leasing, structured finance, restructuring, equity, and high-grade debt and generally work and collaborate with industry groups on the more intricate and specialized needs of a client.

The critique from ecological economics was even more fundamental, claiming that most means of measuring well-being indicated that the developed nations were in a state of " uneconomic growth " through the 1980s and 1990s, due mostly to failures of measurement, most or all of which could be tracked back to the practice of using the Gross National Product as a means of making money supply decisions.

The album showed the band moving towards a more R & B style of rock, including a brass section on songs like " Know Your Product " which had been released as a single in February.

In order to measure well-being more generally, Amartya Sen, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, and other feminist economists helped develop alternatives to Gross Domestic Product, such as the Human Development Index.

Product lines are also more complex, and are grouped into related categories ; the Sea-Doo line has around a dozen products, there are several Slip ' N Slide variations, a group of " lawn games " and so on.

* Product churning, a business practice whereby more of the product is sold than is beneficial to the consumer

In 1995 he notably voted twice with more liberal elements of his party against the widely approved lawsuit reform measures, the Common Sense Product Liability and Legal Reform Act and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act.

He was criticised for hypocrisy when he condemned second home owners ; according to the BBC and Channel 4's The Mark Thomas Comedy Product, he and his wife owned more than one home themselves.

Asiago cheese which is produced and matured in dairies located more than 600 metres above sea level, using milk from farms also more than 600 meters above sea level, is entitled to the additional label “ Product of the Mountains ".

Product churning is the business practice whereby more of the product is sold than is beneficial to the consumer.

Private Product Remaining or PPR is a means of national income accounting similar to the more commonly encountered GNP.

The 14 local government areas which comprise the Greater West together generate more than $ 85 billion in Gross Regional Product a year, making its economy the third largest in Australia behind the Sydney CBD and Melbourne.

Although it notionally appears that the scheme was intended to earn hard currency for the country, it is estimated to have cost Kenya the equivalent of more than 10 % of the country's annual Gross Domestic Product, and it is possible that no or minimal amounts of gold were actually exported.

In September 2007, HP once more extended its support for the systems, offering Mature Product Support without Sustaining Engineering ( ending its creation of software patches ).

To support his thesis, Rifkin notes that in addition to the EU having more people and a greater Gross Domestic Product than the U. S., the potential of the EU as an economic superpower is shown by having: 14 / 20 of the top banks in the world, 61 of the 140 of the top companies of the world as measure by the Global Fortune 500 ( the U. S. has 50 ), a homicide rate that is 1 / 4 than in the U. S., the 18 most developed countries in Europe all have more broadly distributed wealth than the U. S. ( the U. S. ranks 24th in the world ), higher lifespan than the U. S., higher literacy rates than the U. S., and higher quality of life than the U. S. Also, Europeans provide 47 % of all the humanitarian aid in the world, and are seen by Rifkin as being more effective in global economic market regulation, evidenced by the fact that the EU stopped the merger of General Electric and Honeywell, fined Microsoft for anti-trust, and blocked genetically modified food despite U. S. opposition.