This has been demonstrated in the famous Lamb-Retherford experiment and was the starting point for the development of the theory of Quantum electrodynamics ( which is able to deal with these vacuum fluctuations and employs the famous Feynman diagrams for approximations using perturbation theory ).

Wigner's friend is a thought experiment proposed by the physicist Eugene Wigner ; it is an extension of the Schrödinger's cat experiment designed as a point of departure for discussing the Quantum mind / body problem.

Quantum decoherence gives the appearance of wave function collapse ( the reduction of the physical possibilities into a single possibility as seen by an observer ) and justifies the framework and intuition of classical physics as an acceptable approximation: decoherence is the mechanism by which the classical limit emerges out of a quantum starting point and it determines the location of the quantum-classical boundary.

Quantum field theory states that all fundamental fields, such as the electromagnetic field, must be quantized at each and every point in space.

Although at the time C. S. Lewis wrote Miracles, Quantum Mechanics ( and physical indeterminism ) was only in the initial stages of acceptance, he stated the logical possibility that if the physical world was proved to be indeterministic this would provide an entry ( interaction ) point into the traditionally viewed closed system, where a scientifically described physically probable / improbable event could be philosophically described as an action of a non physical entity on physical reality ( noting that under a physicalist point of view the non physical entity must be independent of the self identity or mental processing of the sentient being ).

Although at the time C. S. Lewis wrote Miracles, Quantum Mechanics ( and physical indeterminism ) was only in the initial stages of acceptance, he stated the logical possibility that if the physical world was proved to be indeterministic this would provide an entry ( interaction ) point into the traditionally viewed closed system, where a scientifically described physically probable / improbable event could be philosophically described as an action of a non-physical entity on physical reality.

* Quantum Thermodynamics-list of good related articles from the quantum thermodynamics point of view

* Quantum point contact

The governor explains his point to Bond: when the " Quantum of Solace " drops to zero, humanity and consideration of one human for another is gone and the relationship is finished.

* Quantum entanglement, as seen from an information-theoretic point of view

* Quantum teleportation is one well-known quantum information processing operation which reliably transfers an unknown quantum state from one point to another distant point, destroying the original state in the process.

Quantum logic has been proposed as the correct logic for propositional inference generally, most notably by the philosopher Hilary Putnam, at least at one point in his career.

* Quantum critical point

The Past Doctor Adventures novel The Quantum Archangel by Craig Hinton offered another explanation by claiming that all TARDISes built after a certain point, including the Type 40 the Doctor uses, have a mathematically modelled duplicate of the Eye with all its attendant features, thus helping the TARDIS's cope with the previously-discovered power problems inherent if they travel too far away from the original Eye.

* Quantum point contact

The NSA-funded QT ( Quantum Tech ) Corporation has slated a project to develop Hypertime, a technology which allows the user's molecules to speed up to the point where the world appears to be standing still.

Quantum fields relate to quantum mechanics as classical fields do to classical mechanics, i. e., there is a separate operator for every point in spacetime, and these operators do not carry any information about the state of the system ; they are merely used to exhibit some aspect of the state, at the point to which they belong.

Quantum Yang-Mills theory with a non-abelian gauge group and no quarks is an exception, because asymptotic freedom characterizes this theory, meaning that it has a trivial UV fixed point.

The Quantum Ranger damaged it to the point where it grew ( again, via a mutant-like DNA patch ), and combined his powers with the Quantasaurus Rex Megazord to destroy it for good.

* Quantum point contact, in physics

Quasar can also shunt other matter into the Quantum Zone provided that he's in physical contact with it.

The saucer is equipped with a Death Ray which can burn humans, vehicles, and buildings ; the " Abducto Beam ", a tractor ray that can lift up people and objects and hurl them into the air ; the Quantum Deconstructor ; a highly powerful nuclear weapon that can launch highly built radioactive bombs that melt the blast radius victims like acid ; and the " Sonic Boom ", a bomb that can explode on contact and shock the blast radius like a strong tremor.

Quantum nonlocality is often proposed as a mechanism for superluminal communication.

Quantum oscillations is another experimental technique where high magnetic fields are used to study material properties such as the geometry of the fermi surface.

Quantum brute force is easily defeated by doubling the key length, which has little extra computational cost in ordinary use.

According to a poll at a Quantum Mechanics workshop in 1997 ,< ref > the Copenhagen interpretation is the most widely-accepted specific interpretation of quantum mechanics, followed by the many-worlds interpretation.

Quantum mechanics under the Copenhagen Interpretation interpreted probability as a physical phenomenon, which is what Jaynes called a Mind Projection Fallacy.

A similar view is adopted in Quantum Information Theories.

Bernard d ' Espagnat a French theoretical physicist best known for his work on the nature of reality wrote a paper titled The Quantum Theory and Reality according to the paper: " The doctrine that the world is made up of objects whose existence is independent of human consciousness turns out to be in conflict with quantum mechanics and with facts established by experiment.

" In an article in the Guardian titled Quantum weirdness: What we call ' reality ' is just a state of mind d ' Espagnat wrote that:

A more advanced Quantum II Hyperdrive introduced later is able to cover the same distance in one and a quarter minutes ( 420, 768 x c ).

In Niven's novel Ringworld's Children the Ringworld itself is converted into a gigantic Quantum II hyperdrive and launched into hyperspace while within its star's gravity well.

Quantum mechanics is of a wider scope, as it encompasses classical mechanics as a sub-discipline which applies under certain restricted circumstances.

Quantum mechanics has superseded classical mechanics at the foundational level and is indispensable for the explanation and prediction of processes at molecular and ( sub ) atomic level.

Quantum mechanics is a set of principles describing physical reality at the atomic level of matter ( molecules and atoms ) and the subatomic ( electrons, protons, and even smaller particles ).

Although Schrödinger himself after a year proved the equivalence of his wave-mechanics and Heisenberg's matrix mechanics, the reconciliation of the two approaches and their modern abstraction as motions in Hilbert space is generally attributed to Paul Dirac, who wrote a lucid account in his 1930 classic Principles of Quantum Mechanics.

The first complete mathematical formulation of this approach is generally credited to John von Neumann's 1932 book Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, although Hermann Weyl had already referred to Hilbert spaces ( which he called unitary spaces ) in his 1927 classic paper and book.

Quantum field theory has driven the development of more sophisticated formulations of quantum mechanics, of which the one presented here is a simple special case.

Physicist Lee Smolin writes in Three Roads to Quantum Gravity that topos theory is " the right form of logic for cosmology " ( page 30 ) and " In its first forms it was called ' intuitionistic logic '" ( page 31 ).

* Quantum mechanics: In quantum mechanics, which deals with the behavior of very small objects, it is not possible to observe a system without changing the system, and the " observer " must be considered part of the system being observed.

Quantum mechanics ( QM – also known as quantum physics, or quantum theory ) is a branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena at microscopic scales, where the action is on the order of the Planck constant.

Planck is considered the father of the Quantum Theory

Quantum mechanics is essential to understanding the behavior of systems at atomic length scales and smaller.

Quantum coherence is an essential difference between classical and quantum theories, and is illustrated by the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.