* Quantum nonlocality

* Quantum nonlocality without counterfactual definiteness?

* Quantum nonlocality vs. Einstein locality by H. D. Zeh

In Quantum mechanics, nonlocality refers to the absence of a local, realist model in agreement with quantum mechanical predictions.

* Quantum nonlocality arising from measurement correlations on quantum entangled states

Quantum oscillations is another experimental technique where high magnetic fields are used to study material properties such as the geometry of the fermi surface.

Quantum brute force is easily defeated by doubling the key length, which has little extra computational cost in ordinary use.

According to a poll at a Quantum Mechanics workshop in 1997 ,< ref > the Copenhagen interpretation is the most widely-accepted specific interpretation of quantum mechanics, followed by the many-worlds interpretation.

Quantum mechanics under the Copenhagen Interpretation interpreted probability as a physical phenomenon, which is what Jaynes called a Mind Projection Fallacy.

A similar view is adopted in Quantum Information Theories.

This has been demonstrated in the famous Lamb-Retherford experiment and was the starting point for the development of the theory of Quantum electrodynamics ( which is able to deal with these vacuum fluctuations and employs the famous Feynman diagrams for approximations using perturbation theory ).

Bernard d ' Espagnat a French theoretical physicist best known for his work on the nature of reality wrote a paper titled The Quantum Theory and Reality according to the paper: " The doctrine that the world is made up of objects whose existence is independent of human consciousness turns out to be in conflict with quantum mechanics and with facts established by experiment.

" In an article in the Guardian titled Quantum weirdness: What we call ' reality ' is just a state of mind d ' Espagnat wrote that:

A more advanced Quantum II Hyperdrive introduced later is able to cover the same distance in one and a quarter minutes ( 420, 768 x c ).

In Niven's novel Ringworld's Children the Ringworld itself is converted into a gigantic Quantum II hyperdrive and launched into hyperspace while within its star's gravity well.

Quantum mechanics is of a wider scope, as it encompasses classical mechanics as a sub-discipline which applies under certain restricted circumstances.

Quantum mechanics has superseded classical mechanics at the foundational level and is indispensable for the explanation and prediction of processes at molecular and ( sub ) atomic level.

Quantum mechanics is a set of principles describing physical reality at the atomic level of matter ( molecules and atoms ) and the subatomic ( electrons, protons, and even smaller particles ).

Although Schrödinger himself after a year proved the equivalence of his wave-mechanics and Heisenberg's matrix mechanics, the reconciliation of the two approaches and their modern abstraction as motions in Hilbert space is generally attributed to Paul Dirac, who wrote a lucid account in his 1930 classic Principles of Quantum Mechanics.

The first complete mathematical formulation of this approach is generally credited to John von Neumann's 1932 book Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, although Hermann Weyl had already referred to Hilbert spaces ( which he called unitary spaces ) in his 1927 classic paper and book.

Quantum field theory has driven the development of more sophisticated formulations of quantum mechanics, of which the one presented here is a simple special case.

Physicist Lee Smolin writes in Three Roads to Quantum Gravity that topos theory is " the right form of logic for cosmology " ( page 30 ) and " In its first forms it was called ' intuitionistic logic '" ( page 31 ).

* Quantum mechanics: In quantum mechanics, which deals with the behavior of very small objects, it is not possible to observe a system without changing the system, and the " observer " must be considered part of the system being observed.

Quantum mechanics ( QM – also known as quantum physics, or quantum theory ) is a branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena at microscopic scales, where the action is on the order of the Planck constant.

Planck is considered the father of the Quantum Theory

Quantum mechanics is essential to understanding the behavior of systems at atomic length scales and smaller.

Quantum coherence is an essential difference between classical and quantum theories, and is illustrated by the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.

Quantum optics often connotes fundamental research, whereas photonics is used to connote applied research and development.

Einstein often referred to the " inner voice " as a source of both moral and physical knowledge: " Quantum mechanics is very impressive.

Courses are generally given within a department, and often named for the department, e. g. Physics 230: Quantum mechanics.

Quantum numbers often describe specifically the energies of electrons in atoms, but other possibilities include angular momentum, spin, etc.

In the case of a Tonks – Girardeau gas ( TG ), so many properties of this one-dimensional string of bosons would be sufficiently fermion-like that the situation is often referred to as the ' fermionization ' of bosons. Tonks – Girardeau gas coincide with quantum Nonlinear Schrödinger equation for infinite repulsion, which can be efficiently analyzed by Quantum inverse scattering method.

Quantum mechanical departures from classical physics are most often encountered at small length scales, very low or very high energies, or low temperatures.

He has lectured on subjects related to quantum physics and consciousness since the 1960s, often under the name Dr. Quantum or Captain Quantum.

In 1917, Albert Einstein established the theoretical foundations for the laser and the maser in the paper Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung ( On the Quantum Theory of Radiation ); via a re-derivation of Max Planck ’ s law of radiation, conceptually based upon probability coefficients ( Einstein coefficients ) for the absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation ; in 1928, Rudolf W. Ladenburg confirmed the existences of the phenomena of stimulated emission and negative absorption ; in 1939, Valentin A. Fabrikant predicted the use of stimulated emission to amplify “ short ” waves ; in 1947, Willis E. Lamb and R. C. Retherford found apparent stimulated emission in hydrogen spectra and effected the first demonstration of stimulated emission ; in 1950, Alfred Kastler ( Nobel Prize for Physics 1966 ) proposed the method of optical pumping, experimentally confirmed, two years later, by Brossel, Kastler, and Winter.

The article " Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity ", published in the Social Text Spring / Summer 1996 " Science Wars " issue, proposed that quantum gravity is a social and linguistic construct.

Quantum evolution is a component of George Gaylord Simpson's multi-tempoed theory of evolutionary change, proposed to explain the rapid emergence of higher taxonomic groups.

Wigner's friend is a thought experiment proposed by the physicist Eugene Wigner ; it is an extension of the Schrödinger's cat experiment designed as a point of departure for discussing the Quantum mind / body problem.

Kak claimed to be the first to have used the term " quantum neural computing ", taking a Quantum mind position not unlike that notably proposed by Roger Penrose in The Emperor's New Mind which was published in 1989.

Quantum versions of digital physics have recently been proposed by Seth Lloyd, David Deutsch, and Paola Zizzi.

Quantum logic has been proposed as the correct logic for propositional inference generally, most notably by the philosopher Hilary Putnam, at least at one point in his career.

Quantum decoherence was proposed in the context of the many-worlds interpretation, but it has also become an important part of some modern updates of the Copenhagen interpretation based on consistent histories,

Physicist Alan Sokal had submitted an article to Social Text titled " Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity ," which proposed that quantum gravity is a linguistic and social construct and that quantum physics supports postmodernist criticisms of scientific objectivity.

Quantum fingerprinting is a proposed technique that uses a quantum computer to generate a string with a similar function to the cryptographic hash function.