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* Richard II of Gaeta, consul and duke of Gaeta
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Richard and II
* Richard II of Aquila, 12th century Italo-Norman Count of Fondi
* 1397 – Geoffrey Chaucer tells the Canterbury Tales for the first time at the court of Richard II.
Arthur Schwartz and Howard Dietz first tried, and then Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II attempted, but gave up and Hammerstein told Lerner " Pygmalion had no subplot ".
However, in the same poll, when respondents were asked to name the worst president since World War II, Clinton was placed number three behind Richard Nixon and George W. Bush.
Statutes forbidding it and other sports were enacted in the reigns of Edward III, Richard II and other monarchs.
* A. K. Bulatovich, With the Armies of Menelik II, translated by Richard Seltzer
Many Columbia alumni have gone on to renowned careers in the arts, such as the composers Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II, Lorenz Hart, and Art Garfunkel.
In the Victory At Sea suite, Richard Rodgers wrote " Beneath The Southern Cross " to depict the battleships in convoy and the loneliness of the sailors in the Southern Pacific during World War II.
Tom Mankiewicz described his performance on the commentary track for Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut as always playing Superman, but, when he was Clark, playing Superman who was playing Clark Kent.
* 1972 – Vietnam War: President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will engage North Vietnam in Operation Linebacker II, a series of Christmas bombings, after peace talks collapsed with North Vietnam on the 13th.
* 1940 – World War II: Operation Compass – British and Indian troops under the command of Major-General Richard O ' Connor attack Italian forces near Sidi Barrani in Egypt.
More than half of the footage filmed for Superman II by the originally credited director ( Richard Lester ) has been removed from the film and replaced with Donner footage shot during the original principal photography from 1977 – 1978.
* 1400 – Richard II dies, most likely from starvation in Pontifract Castle, on orders from Henry Bolingbroke
* Orson Welles's Chimes at Midnight ( 1966 ) compiles the two Henry IV plays into a single, condensed storyline, while adding a handful of scenes from Richard II and Henry V. The movie, also known as Falstaff, features Welles himself in the title role.
Henry's successor, Richard I " the Lion Heart " ( also known as " The absent king "), was preoccupied with foreign wars, taking part in the Third Crusade and defending his French territories against Philip II of France.
The autocratic and arrogant methods of Richard II only served to alienate the nobility more, and his forceful dispossession in 1399 by Henry IV increased the turmoil.
He allied himself with the Duke of Aquitaine and son of Henry II — Richard Lionheart — and together they launched a decisive attack on Henry's castle and home of Chinon and removed him from power.
The two men were once again at odds and fought each other in France until Richard was on the verge of totally defeating Philip II.
If Philip II Augustus supported Philip of Swabia, member of the House of Hohenstaufen, then Richard Lionheart supported Otto IV, member of the House of Welf.
Richard of Wallingford, a local landowner, who had presented demands to Richard II on behalf of Wat Tyler in London, brought news of this to St Albans and argued with the abbot over the charter.
* 1394 – Anne of Bohemia, English wife of Richard II of England ( b. 1367 )
* 1381 – Richard II of England meets leaders of Peasants ' Revolt on Blackheath.
* 1377 – Coronation of Richard II of England.
* 1367 – King Richard II of England ( d. 1400 )
Richard and Gaeta
* Richard III of Gaeta ( died 1140 )
His son, Atenulf II, was made to submit to the Norman Prince Richard I of Capua in 1062, when Gaeta was captured by Jordan Drengot.
These dukes, usually Italianate Normans, ruled Gaeta with some level of independence until the death of Richard of Caleno in 1140.
In the 13th century it went to Richard V dell ' Aquila, duke of Gaeta.
Richard and consul
Richard, consul at Nantes, died in 1828 and was succeeded by his daughter Henrietta, wife of General Robert Browne, who assumed the Clayton name.
The sultan attempted to have the US consul, Richard Dorsey Mohun, recognise his accession but the messenger was told that " as his accession had not been verified by Her Majesty's government, it is impossible to reply.
After a visit to the Lebanon and to Damascus, where he made the acquaintance of Sir Richard Burton, then consul there, he returned to England in 1870 by way of Constantinople and Vienna.
Richard and duke
Richard made overtures to Landais, offering military support for Landais's weak regime under duke Francis II of Brittany in exchange for Henry.
Richard I was officially crowned duke on 20 July 1189 and king in Westminster Abbey on 3 September 1189.
They included Robert's uncle, Robert the archbishop of Rouen, who had originally opposed the duke, Osbern, a nephew of Gunnor the wife of Duke Richard I, and Count Gilbert of Brionne, a grandson of Richard I.
* Prince Richard of England becomes duke of Aquitaine.
The battle is said by some to be the source for the mnemonic for remembering the traditional colours of the rainbow, Richard of York Gave Battle In Vain, and also the mocking nursery rhyme, The Grand Old Duke of York although this much more likely refers to the eighteenth century duke, son of George III.
When King Richard II created Thomas Mowbray duke in 1397, he conferred upon him the estates and titles ( including Earl Marshal ) that had belonged to the earls.
* Rolt, Richard, Historical memoirs of His late Royal Highness William-Augustus, duke of Cumberland, London, 1767.
When Louis fell into the hands of the Normans in 945, he was handed over to Hugh in exchange for their young duke Richard .. Hugh released Louis IV in 946 on condition that he should surrender the fortress of Laon.
* Richard I Lionheart ( 1189 – 99 ), also King of England, duke in right of his mother.
These Richard arrests, and eventually beheads, and then has a conversation with the Prince and his younger brother, the duke of York.
The prince and his brother the duke of York prove themselves to be extremely intelligent and charismatic characters, boldly defying and outsmarting Richard and openly mocking him.
* Richard Blackmore-An advice to the poets: a poem occasioned by the wonderful success of her majesty's arms, under the conduct of the duke of Marlborough in Flanders
* Phat Duke, Canning's description of Richard, first duke of Buckingham and Chandos
After the duke died, the younger Richard married the widowed duchess, Jacquetta of Luxembourg ( 1416 – 1472 ).
In August of 1026 their father, Richard II, died and Richard III became duke, but very soon afterwards Robert rebelled against his brother, was subsequently defeated and forced to swear fealty to his older brother Richard.
However, the death of Geoffrey I in 1008 allowed for Richard II to intervene directly in Brittany during the minority of his nephew, Alan III, against rebellious counts who would take advantage of a youthful duke.
* Robert II, Archbishop of Rouen, son of duke Richard I of Normandy
The first margrave ( marchio ), later duke ( dux ), of Burgundy was Richard of the House of Ardennes, whose duchy was created from the merging of several regional counties of the kingdom of Provence which had belonged to his brother Boso.
Richard II was the first to be styled duke of Normandy ( the ducal title became established between 987 – 1006 ).
Some later medieval sources refer to them by the title dux, the Latin word from which the English word " duke " is derived ; however, Rollo's great-grandson Richard II was the first to assuredly be styled " Duke of Normandy ".
* Richard ( c. 1002 / 4 ), duke of Normandy
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