He was able to discern the body lines of the Roman women under their robes.

The abbots of Cluny and Vendôme were, by virtue of their office, cardinals of the Roman church.

In the Roman Catholic Church, abbots continue to be elected by the monks of an abbey to lead them as their religious superior in those orders and monasteries that make use of the term ( some orders of monks, as the Carthusians for instance, have no abbots, only priors ).

Following their victory at Phillipi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic between themselves and ruled as military dictators.

According to the mythology outlined by Virgil in the Aeneid, Romulus and Remus were both descendants of Aeneas through their mother Rhea Silvia, making Aeneas progenitor of the Roman people.

Whether this was a wise policy or not, it caused the Roman legionaries to look down on their emperor as one who was prepared to commit unsoldierly conduct.

Alfred's military reorganisation of Wessex consisted of three elements: the building of thirty fortified and garrisoned towns ( burhs ) along the rivers and Roman roads of Wessex ; the creation of a mobile ( horsed ) field force, consisting of his nobles and their warrior retainers, which was divided into two contingents, one of which was always in the field ; and the enhancement of Wessex's seapower through the addition of larger ships to the existing royal fleet.

Roman Emperors and Roman males of the senatorial class wore clothes with a purple band to denote their class so the reference to purple may be to an aristocratic heritage.

The victorious Roman general, Publius Cornelius Sulla, left the Athenians their lives and did not sell them into slavery ; he also restored the previous government, in 86 BC.

They did not dawdle at the hour of decision but attacked quickly, using a massive series of short, rapid, vicious charges against the length of the whole Roman line, with charging units sometimes withdrawing to the forest to regroup while others took their place.

The Duchess converted to Roman Catholicism on 14 January 1994, but her husband did not lose his place in the succession, as the Duchess had been an Anglican at the time of their marriage.

" He further asserts that because the Roman Catholic Church does not recognise the Church of England as an apostolic church, a Roman Catholic monarch who abided by their faith's doctrine would be obliged to view Anglican and Church of Scotland archbishops, bishops, and clergy as part of the laity and therefore " lacking the ordained authority to preach and celebrate the sacraments.

) Hilton also claims a Roman Catholic monarch would therefore be unable to be crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and points to the examples of European states that have similar religious provisions for their monarchs: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, whose constitutions compel their monarchs to be Lutherans, the Netherlands, the constitution of which insists its monarchs be members of the Protestant House of Orange, and Belgium, which has a constitution that provides for the succession to be through Roman Catholic houses.

Supporters of this view believe that “ to a hypothetical outside reader, presents Christianity as enlightened, harmless, even beneficent .” Some believe that through this work, Luke intended to show the Roman Empire that the root of Christianity is within Judaism so that the Christians “ may receive the same freedom to practice their faith that the Roman Empire afforded the Jews .” Those who support the view of Luke ’ s work as political apology generally draw evidence from the facts that Christians are found innocent of committing any political crime ( Acts 25: 25 ; 19: 37 ; 19: 40 ) and that Roman officials ’ views towards Christians are generally positive.

This claim presupposes that early Christians were suspicious of Rome or feared Roman authority as a threat to their faith.

This view mainly says that Luke is writing to the church in order to legitimate their Christian beliefs and to show that faith in Christ is compatible with allegiance to the Roman Empire.

Esler, who advanced this legitimation view, has suggested that in Luke ’ s community there were Roman officials who were recent converts and they wanted to make sure that their new found faith could successfully coexist with their allegiance to the empire.

The nineteenth-century immigration, whether Protestant or Roman Catholic, was not so much concerned, for very few if any among them held slaves: they were mostly in the Northern states where slavery had disappeared or was on the way out, or were too poverty-stricken to own slaves.

However, this was not successful, for according to Gregory of Tours, Amalaric pressured her to forsake her Roman Catholic faith and convert to Arian Christianity, at one point beating her until she bled ; she sent to her brother Childebert I, king of Paris a towel stained with her own blood.

The Roman poet Horace modelled his own lyrical compositions on those of Alcaeus, rendering the Lesbian poet's verse-forms, including ' Alcaic ' and ' Sapphic ' stanzas, into concise Latin-an achievement he celebrates in his third book of odes.

According to Herodian, the Roman armies suffered a number of humiliating setbacks and defeats, while according to the Historia Augusta as well as Alexander's own dispatch to the Roman Senate, he gained great victories.

His son, Lord Downpatrick, converted to Roman Catholicism in 2003 and is the most senior descendant of Sophia to be barred as a result of his own religion.

Roman control of Britain finally ended in the early part of the 5th century ; the date usually given as marking the end of Roman Britain is 410, when the Emperor Honorius sent letters to the British, urging them to look to their own defence.

The form used in the Roman Rite included anointing of seven parts of the body while saying ( in Latin ): " Through this holy unction and His own most tender mercy may the Lord pardon thee whatever sins or faults thou hast committed deliquisti by sight hearing, smell, taste, touch, walking, carnal delectation ", the last phrase corresponding to the part of the body that was touched ; however, in the words of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia, " the unction of the loins is generally, if not universally, omitted in English-speaking countries, and it is of course everywhere forbidden in case of women ".

St Athanasius ' long episcopate lasted 45 years ( c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373 ) of which over 17 years were spent in five exiles ordered by four different Roman Emperors, not counting approximately six more incidents in which he had to flee Alexandria for his own safety to escape people seeking to take his life.

His own breach with the Roman Catholic Church was decisive and irreparable.

The Batavi were still mentioned in 355 during the reign of Constantius II ( 317-361 ), when their island was already dominated by the Salii, a Frankish tribe that had sought Roman protection there in 297 after having been expelled from their own country by the Saxons.

: When, after the action had thus occurred, his own men returned to each general, Scipio could adopt no fixed plan of proceeding, except that he should form his measures from the plans and undertakings of the enemy: and Hannibal, uncertain whether he should pursue the march he had commenced into Italy, or fight with the Roman army which had first presented itself, the arrival of ambassadors from the Boii, and of a petty prince called Magalus, diverted from an immediate engagement ; who, declaring that they would be the guides of his journey and the companions of his dangers, gave it as their opinion, that Italy ought to be attacked with the entire force of the war, his strength having been nowhere previously impaired.

The writer of the pesher draws a comparison between the Babylonian invasion of the original text and the Roman threat of the writer's own period.

* Tying Falcone up: In the graphic novel Batman ties The Roman in his own house ; in the film, he ties The Roman to a searchlight.

James wished to achieve toleration for those of his own Roman Catholic faith, whose practices were still banned.

The Byzantine Empire used Roman and Greek architectural models and styles to create its own unique type of architecture.

It was not uncommon for an organisation under Roman private law to copy the terminology of state and city institutions for its own statutory agents.

There are also churches for Roman Catholic, Methodist and other denominations, including Cheddar Valley Community Church, who not only meet at The Kings of Wessex School on Sunday, but also have their own site on Tweentown for meeting during the week.

He named his own pope Antipope Clement III in the old manner of the Holy Roman Emperors.

Parliament reluctantly agreed to the marriage, with the promise from both James and Charles that the marriage would not entail a liberty of religion being accorded to any Roman Catholic not of the Princess ' own household.

Most Christians believe that the kosher food laws do not apply to them as they are no longer under the Law of Moses, and that, as Jesus taught in Mark 7: what you eat doesn't make you unclean but what comes out of a man's heart makes him unclean — although Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy have their own set of dietary observances.

Roman Catholics view the Bishop of Rome as the " Successor of Peter " to serve as universal pastor to the entire Church, though all the particular Churches in communion with him have their own distinct pastoral heads, who, taken as a college in union with the Successor of Peter, are considered to be the subject of supreme power in the universal Church.

The Arabs who conquered large parts of the land that once belonged to the Eastern Roman Empire issued their own Gold dinar.

in other words its existence belongs to the period of Roman Britain.

* Sanskrit, as well as many of its descendants, like Hindi and Bengali, uses a lossless transliteration system for representing words in the Roman alphabet.

In other words, deutero ( second ) applies to authority or witnessing power, whereas in Roman Catholicism, deutero applies to chronology ( the fact that these books were confirmed later ), not to authority.

Also in Roman times, some Essenes settled on the Dead Sea's western shore ; Pliny the Elder identifies their location with the words, " on the west side of the Dead Sea, away from the coast ... the town of Engeda " ( Natural History, Bk 5. 73 ); and it is therefore a hugely popular but contested hypothesis today, that same Essenes are identical with the settlers at Qumran and that " the Dead Sea Scrolls " discovered during the 20th century in the nearby caves had been their own library.

" The Roman Catholic understanding of these words, from the Patristic authors onward, has emphasized their roots in the covenantal history of the Old Testament.

Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.

They were mentioned by Julius Caesar in his treatise, The Gallic Wars, and by 391 BC, they were written about by Roman Consul, Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, who received seven of them, " canes Scotici ", as a gift to be used for fighting lions, bears, that in his words, " all Rome viewed with wonder ".

" was conceited, not only about his own learning but also about the opinions held of him as commander both by the Galileans and by the Romans ; he was guilty of shocking duplicity at Jotapata, saving himself by sacrifice of his companions ; he was too naive to see how he stood condemned out of his own mouth for his conduct, and yet no words were too harsh when he was blackening his opponents ; and after landing, however involuntarily, in the Roman camp, he turned his captivity to his own advantage, and benefitted for the rest of his days from his change of side.

But Roman writers seldom invented words.

The Roman playwright Plautus is famous for his tendency to make up and change the meaning of words to create puns in Latin.

A number of previously neutral words used by the Nazis have later taken on negative connotations in German ( e. g. or ); while in many contexts is not one of them ( Frankreich, France ; Römisches Reich, Roman Empire ), it can imply German imperialism or strong nationalism if it is used to describe a political or governmental entity.

Consequently, most such dictionaries transliterate the Greek words into Roman letters.

Robert Renehan has stated that it was natural for a Roman to mix the two words that sounded the same, that Chrestianos was the original word in the Annals and not an error by a scribe.

* Constantine I adopt the words " in hoc signo vinces " as a motto and have the letters X and P ( the first letters of the Greek word Christ ) emblazoned on the shields of his Roman legions.

These words were ultimately derived from the Late Latin word solidus, referring to an Ancient Roman coin used in the Byzantine Empire.

The Romans made sure that, in the words of Roman consul M. Valerian to the Roman Senate ; " no Carthaginian remains in Sicily ".

As is customary with significant Roman Catholic Church documents, it is known by its first words, " Lumen Gentium ", Latin for " Light of the Nations ".

The position of the Roman Catholic Church is that Stein also died because of the Dutch episcopacy's public condemnation of Nazi racism in 1942 ; in other words, that she died to uphold the moral position of the Church, and is thus a true martyr.

It derives from the Old English words stræt ( a street, more specifically a Roman road ) and ford ( a river-crossing ).

* Anglish, favouring Anglo-Saxon words over Greek and Roman words.

It is widely believed that Murcia's name is derived from the Latin words of Myrtea or Murtea, meaning land of Myrtle ( the plant is known to grow in the general area ), although it may also be a derivation of the word Murtia, which would mean Murtius Village ( Murtius was a common Roman name ).