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Sancho I continued the war against the Moors with varying fortune.
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Sancho and I
He was the second but eldest surviving son of Sancho I of Portugal by his wife, Dulce, Infanta of Aragon.
Hitherto, his father Sancho I and his grandfather Afonso I were mostly concerned with military issues either against the neighbouring Kingdom of Castile or against the Moorish lands in the south.
He was the second son of King Sancho Ramírez and successor of his brother Peter I.
** Sancho I ( 1185 – 1211 )
El Cid entered al-Mutamin's service and successfully defended Zaragoza against the assaults of al-Mundhir, Sancho I of Aragón, and Ramón Berenguer II, whom he held captive briefly in 1082.
However, Louis marched the entire army of his kingdom, including Gascons with their duke Sancho I of Gascony, Provençals under Leibulf, and Goths under Bera, over the Pyrenees and besieged it for two years, wintering there from 800 to 801, when it capitulated.
Early in 1197, at the request of Sancho I, King of Portugal, Pope Celestine III declared a Crusade against Alfonso IX, and released his subjects from their responsibilities to the king, declaring " the men of his realm shall be absolved from their fidelity and his dominion by authority of the apostolic see.
At his death, the Navarrese chose as their king Sancho Ramirez, King of Aragon, who thus became Sancho V of Navarre and I of Aragon.
When his father Ferdinand I of Leon and Castile at his death in 1065 divided up his kingdom among his three sons, including himself, Sancho II remained silent.
* Sancho I of Portugal, king
* November 11 – King Sancho I of Portugal ( d. 1212 )
* Gascony becomes an independent kingdom, with Sancho I Mitarra as its first king.
* Sancho I of Portugal conquers Silves and Alvor with the help of the troops of the Third Crusade.
* Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders, son of king Sancho I
* March 26 – King Sancho I of Portugal ( b. 1154 )
* Dulce, Queen of Portugal, spouse of King Sancho I of Portugal ( d. 1198 )
* September 1 – Dulce, Queen of Portugal, wife of King Sancho I of Portugal ( b. 1160 )
* Sancho I of Aragon conquers Graus.
Lisbon had already ( 1179 ) received a charter from Afonso I. Sancho also endeavoured to foster immigration and agriculture, by granting estates to the military orders and municipalities on condition that the occupiers should cultivate or colonize their lands.
* December 11 – Sancho I of Pamplona ( b. c. 860 )
* Sancho I succeeds Fortun I as King of Pamplona and creates a Basque kingdom centered in Navarre.
Sancho and continued
When Ferdinand died, Sancho continued to enlarge his territory, conquering both Christian and the Moorish cities of Zamora and Badajoz.
Tony Martinez continued in the role of Sancho Panza under Ferrer, as he had with Kiley.
He took for himself the title Count of Castile, in reference to the many castles of the territory ( around Burgos ), and continued expanding his area at the expense of León by allying with the Caliphate of Córdoba, until AD 966, when he was defeated by Sancho I of León.
Sancho continued the construction of a new cathedral in Pamplona, as begun by his father and to be finished by his successor.
In 1195 the town was stormed by Sancho VII of Navarre, but later recovered and continued to develop its splendour and trades, mostly held by a community of Jews.
Sancho and war
By the end of the year Sancho VII had dropped out of the war under Papal pressure.
In 1171 Afonso concluded a seven years truce with the Moors ; weakened by his wound and by old age, he could no longer take the field, and when the war broke out afresh he delegated the chief command to his son Sancho.
The pope issued a bull of deposition in favour of Afonso, who reached Lisbon in 1246 ; and after a civil war lasting two years Sancho II retired to Toledo, where he died in January 1248.
The end of his reign was marred by a civil war with his eldest surviving son, the future Sancho IV, which would continue after his death.
A bitter civil war broke out resulting in Alfonso's being forced in 1282 to accept Sancho as his heir instead of his young grandsons ; only the cities of Seville, Murcia and Badajoz remained faithful to him.
A reaction in his favor was beginning in his later days, but he died defeated and deserted at Seville in 1284, leaving a will, by which he endeavored to exclude Sancho, and a heritage of civil war.
The relationship between Richeza and her stepsons wasn't good, especially after King Sancho III declared war on Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, father of Alfonso ( later King of Aragon ), who was betrothed to Richeza's daughter Sancha.
Despite a resurgence during the 10th century, the Caliphate of Córdoba's attempts to reverse the Reconquista failed, and by the 11th century, Christian Iberia was united under Sancho the Great, the King of Navarre, whilst the caliphate was divided and engulfed by civil war, the period of the taifas.
Garcia's son Sancho is proclaimed King on the field of battle and the war continues.
** Sancho III of Navarre declares war on Bermudo III of León.
The brief war was ignited in part by the strife left over from the division of the kingdom of Sancho the Great in 1035.
The chronicler of San Juan de la Peña, a Navarrese source, wrote that Sancho of Castile was forced to raise the siege of Viana and flee on a horse bedecked only in its halter ; that he subsequently convinced Abd ar-Rahman of Huesca to go to war with Aragon ; and that Sancho Ramírez eventually made peace with him anyway.
Sancho and against
As a young man in 1057, Rodrigo fought against the Moorish stronghold of Zaragoza, making its emir al-Muqtadir a vassal of Sancho.
One of the arguments he used against Sancho II in his Grandi non immerito text was his status as a minor upon inheriting the throne from his father Afonso II.
He constructed an alliance against Philip, including Baldwin IX of Flanders, Renaud, Count of Boulogne, and his father-in-law King Sancho VI of Navarre, who raided Philip's lands from the south.
* The king Sancho II of Portugal launches a large offensive against the Muslims and takes the city of Elvas.
* The king Sancho II of Portugal conquers the cities of Tavira, Alvor and Paderne in his continuing effort against the Muslims, known as Reconquista.
* A rebellion occurs against King Sancho II of Portugal in favour of his brother Afonso.
For the next eight years Sancho was engaged in hostilities against Alfonso IX of León.
From 1230 to 1232, James negotiated with Sancho VII of Navarre, who desired his help against his nephew and closest living male relative, Theobald IV of Champagne.
Sancho Ordóñez, Alfonso, and Ramiro, the sons of Ordoño II, claimed to be the rightful heirs and rebelled against their cousin.
El Cid entered al-Mutamin's service and successfully defended Zaragoza against the assaults of al-Mundhir, Sancho I of Aragón, and Ramón Berenguer II, whom he held captive briefly in 1082.
The forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile were joined by the armies of his Christian rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre, Pedro II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal in battle against the Almohad rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula.
Henry and his brothers Fadrique, Tello and Sancho staged numerous rebellions against the new king.
His elder brother, Ferdinand de la Cerda, died in November 1275, and in 1282 Sancho assembled a coalition of nobles to declare for him against Ferdinand's son Alfonso, then took control of the kingdom when Alfonso X died in 1284.
This was all against the wishes of their father, but Sancho was crowned in Toledo nevertheless.
Coimbra was the centre of his kingdom ; Sancho terminated the exhausting and generally pointless wars against his neighbours for control of the Galician borderlands.
Berengar met Sancho in Zaragoza and in Navarre many times to confer on a mutual policy against the counts of Toulouse.
This was likely a self-serving decision on Fernando's part, as he was fearful that Leonese barons would support Sancho against him.
Sancho made expeditions against Murcia and Andalusia, and, between 1198 and 1200, he campaigned in Africa, probably in the service of the Almohads, whose help he wanted against Castile.
The Emirate also attempted to reestablish its control in the region, and in 816 fought a battle there against the " enemy of Allah ", Balask al-Yalaski ( Velasco the Gascon ), who was killed along with Garcia Loup, kinsman of Alfonso II of Asturias, Sancho, premier knight in Pamplona, and Saltan, premier knight of the Mayus ( pagans ).
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