Second … it offered a solution to the unemployment for the former samurai class … Finally, development promised to yield the needed natural resources for a growing capitalist economy .’

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.

Many Boers had German ancestry and many members of the government were themselves former Boer military leaders who had fought with the Maritz rebels against the British in the Second Boer War, which had ended only twelve years earlier.

Maritime conservatism since the Second World War has been very much part of the Red Tory tradition, key influences being former Premier of Nova Scotia and federal Progressive Conservative Party leader Robert Stanfield and New Brunswick Tory strategist Dalton Camp.

* Second, the issue of compensation and repatriation of the former inhabitants, exiled since 1973, continues in litigation and as of August 2010 had been submitted to the European Court of Human Rights by a group of former residents.

* John M. Walker, Jr. ( born 1940 ), former chief judge of the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

It further affected the German minority living within the territory of the former Second Polish Republic in Greater Poland, eastern Upper Silesia, Chełmno Land and the Polish Corridor with Danzig.

When the Treaty of Versailles granted most of former Royal Prussia to the Second Polish Republic as the Polish Corridor in 1920, Pomesania remained in Germany as part of the exclave and province of East Prussia.

The migration of many former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers like Memphis and north to New York City, Detroit, Chicago, Cleveland and Buffalo ( See: Second Great Migration ( African American )) meant that black and white residents were living in close proximity in larger numbers than ever before, and as a result heard each other's music and even began to emulate each other's fashions.

* July 12 – A revolt puts Leo V on the throne of the Byzantine Empire ; former emperor Michael I Rangabe becomes a monk, beginning the Second Iconoclastic Period.

After the Second World War, Dresden became a major industrial centre in the German Democratic Republic ( former East Germany ) with a great deal of research infrastructure.

The area remained a part of Bavaria until after the Second World War, when it was separated and became a part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate, along with former left bank territories of Prussia and Hesse-Darmstadt.

The Canadian Corps ' participation in the Second Battle of Passchendaele is commemorated with the Passchendaele Memorial located at the former site of the Crest Farm on the southwest fringe of Passchendaele village.

The Nanking Massacre or Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanking, was a mass murder and war rape that occurred during the six-week period following the Japanese capture of the city of Nanking ( Nanjing ), the former capital of the Republic of China, on December 13, 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

The architect of the Second Bank of the United States was William Strickland ( 1788 – 1854 ), a former student of Benjamin Latrobe ( 1764 – 1820 ), the man who is often called the first professionally-trained American architect.

Mitten left after one season in the Second Division and was replaced by former player Joe Harvey.

Golan Trevize, a former officer of the Navy and now a member of Council, believes the Second Foundation ( which is almost universally thought to be extinct ) still exists and is controlling events.

* Ford Foundation, between First and Second Avenues, former site of the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled ( now known as the Hospital for Special Surgery )

In the Second Age and Third Age the former lands of Ossiriand and Thargelion were known as Lindon, where Gil-galad and Círdan ruled.

Its defeat was formalised in the Second Treaty of Thorn in 1466 ending the Thirteen Years ' War, and leaving the former Polish region Pomerania / Pomerelia and under Polish control.

Most of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century Partitions of Poland, were ceded to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versailles.

Second, they selected defenseman Duncan Siemens 11th overall, a pick acquired from the St. Louis Blues in the controversial trade that sent power-forward Chris Stewart, long time top prospect Kevin Shattenkirk and a second round pick to the Blues in exchange for their first-round pick, veteran Jay McClement and 2006 former first overall pick Erik Johnson.

The immediate cause was a conflict between the king and the cabinet over the reunification with Denmark of Schleswig, a former Danish fiefdom, which had been lost to Prussia during the Second War of Schleswig.

The Second French Empire, his Western European model, had been defeated in the Franco-Prussian War by the North German Confederation under the leadership of the Kingdom of Prussia.

The major addition was the Western Military Command ( Comando Militar do Oeste-CMO ), whose territory encompasses the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul ( previously under the Second Army territory ), and Rondônia ( previously under the CMA ).

He saw action in the First World War, where he was seriously wounded, and during the Second World War he commanded the Eighth Army from August 1942 in the Western Desert until the final Allied victory in Tunisia.

Contentious issues include Egypt's signing of the Camp David Accords with Israel in 1979, its support for Iraq in Iran's eight-year conflict, the Islamic Republic's hailing of Khalid Islambouli, the late President Anwar Sadat's assassin as a religious hero, seeing as there was both a street and mural named after him ( however, the honorer was changed to Muhammad al-Durrah, the 12-year-old Palestinian boy shot and killed during the outset of the Second Intifada ), and close Egyptian relations with the United States, and most of the Western European countries.

The First Council of Constantinople is recognized as the Second Ecumenical Council by the Oriental Orthodox, the Church of the East, the Eastern Orthodox, the Roman Catholics, the Old Catholics, the Anglican Church, and a number of other Western Christian groups.

The First Battle of El Alamein ( 1 – 27 July 1942 ) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought between Axis forces ( Germany and Italy ) of the Panzer Army Africa ( Panzerarmee Afrika ) commanded by Field Marshal ( Generalfeldmarschall ) Erwin Rommel, and Allied ( specifically, British Imperial ) forces ( Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand ) of the British Eighth Army commanded by General Claude Auchinleck.

Since the end of the Second World War, the infantry has become a very small part of the Western world's armies.

The Western Wall in Jerusalem is a remnant of the wall encircling the Second Temple.

During the 1990s, Charles Taylor's presidency and the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars underscored Liberian relations with the Western world, the People's Republic of China, and its neighboring countries in Western Africa.

The Roman Curia can be loosely compared to cabinets in governments of countries with a Western form of governance, but only the Second Section of the Secretariat of State, known also as the Section for Relations with States, the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and the Congregation for Catholic Education, can be directly compared with specific ministries of a civil government.

Thus, the Fifth Division was at Al-Ubayyid in Kurdufan ( Central Command ), the Second Division was at Khashm El Girba ( Eastern Command ), the Sixth Division was assigned to Al-Fashir in Darfur ( Western Command ), the First Division was at Juba ( Southern Command ), and the Seventh Division was at As Shajarah just south of Khartoum ( Khartoum Command ).

* They say that sedevacantists indulge in the logical fallacy of post hoc ergo propter hoc when they attribute problems that the Church has experienced in the Western world since the reforms of the Second Vatican Council to the reforms themselves rather than to the general decrease in religiosity in the West.

During and after the Second World War there were scattered European uses of Western settings, mostly for comedy or even musical comedy.

After the Second World War, many Venetians emigrated to Western European countries.

After the Second World War, no armed conflict emerged among major Western nations themselves, and no nuclear weapons were used in open conflict.

In Bermuda, which sent the first colonial volunteer unit to the Western Front in 1915, and which had more people per capita in uniform during the Second World War than any other part of the Empire, Remembrance Day is still an important holiday.

Jonathon Osmond, writing in the Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, said: " Bacque ... has published a corrective to the impression that the Western allies after the Second World War behaved in a civilised manner to the conquered Germans ...

Due to religious restrictions on entering the most sacred areas of the Temple Mount ( see following section ), the Western Wall, a retaining wall for the Temple Mount and remnant of the Second Temple structure, is considered by some rabbinical authorities the holiest accessible site for Jews to pray.

In 1979, a Jamaican, Maria Ziadie-Haddad, became one of the first women in the Western Hemisphere to become a commercial jet airline pilot when she was hired by Air Jamaica 1968 Ltd as a B727 Second Officer.

Bevan called for the nationalisation of the coal industry and advocated the opening of a Second Front in Western Europe in order to help the Soviet Union in its fight with Germany.

The period between the construction of the Second Temple in 515 BCE and its destruction by the Romans in 70 CE witnessed major historical upheavals and significant religious changes that would affect most subsequent Western ( or Abrahamic ) religions.

During The First Session of the Second Territorial General Assembly, held in Chillicothe from November 23, 1801 to January 23, 1802, the General Assembly passed an act establishing the " American Western University " at Athens.

Under the rubric ' orderly population transfers ' the victors of the Second World War drove 15 million Germans out of their ancient homes in an ethnic cleansing far worse than what is happening today in the Middle East or Bosnia Hercegovina ... Western historians have long averted their eyes from the stupendous crime authoritatively described by Alfred-Maurice de Zayas in this grim, essential book.

* The Western Wall of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the time of the Second Temple