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* Sirat al-Zahir Baibars, assembled H. Johar, M. Braniq, A. Atar, Dar Marif, Cairo 1986, ISBN 977-02-1747-6
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Sirat and al-Zahir
** Sirat al-Zahir Baibars ( Arabic ); see also Arabic epic literature
* Sirat al-Zahir Baibars سيرة الظاهر بيبرس
Shajar al-Durr is one of the characters of Sirat al-Zahir Baibars ( Life of al-Zahir Baibars ), a folkloric epic of thousands of pages that was composed in Egypt during the early Mamluk era and took its final form at the early Ottoman era.
* Sirat al-Zahir Baibars, Printed by Mustafa al-Saba, Cairo 1923.
Sirat and .
* Sirat al-shaykh al-ra ' is ( The Life of Ibn Sina ), ed.
It is conceivable that the sources mentioning the Qibla al-Qudsiyya like the Sirat un-Nabi ( 1 ) could in fact be trying to " fill in the gaps " of Muhammad's biography by taking Qur ' anic verses and drawing implicit information from them.
* Colette Sirat, A History of Jewish Philosophy in the Middle Ages.
The French tourist Jacques Sirat speaks in lectures of how he felt proud riding round the world for five years – until he met an Australian who had been on the road for 27 years.
A translation of Isḥaq's " Sirat Rasul Allah ", with introduction and notes ( Oxford University 1955 ), xlvii + 815 pages.
The former chief rabbi of France, Rabbi René Samuel Sirat, says he personally witnessed Lustiger entering the synagogue to recite kaddish — the Jewish mourners ' prayer — for his mother.
Sirat madina – Amman fi l-arba ' inat سيرة مدينة – عم ّ ان في الأربعينات, Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
Sirat al-amirah Dhat al-Himmah, for example, is an Arabic epic with a female warrior as protagonist, and Scheherazade cunningly telling stories in the Thousand and One Nights to save her life.
Al-Khutbat al-Ahmadiya fi ' l Arab wa ' I Sirat al-Muhammadiya: Aligarh, 1900, English translation, London, 1869-70.
Both of them wrote biographies of the prophet Muhammad that are important supplements to the " Sirat Rasul Allah " of Prophet Muhammad ibn Ishaq, but al-Waqidi's has survived only in part.
Abdul Satar Sirat held several ministerial positions in the early 1970s.
Sirat later served as envoy for the exiled King and was initially voted leader of the interim government but stepped aside in favour Karzai.
There were rumours in September that Sirat and Mohaqiq had formed a pact with Qanuni, whilst Gailani and Aarian declared their support for Karzai on the last day of campaigning, October 6.
He arrives to Gaza ( where he will be hosted by a man called Al Sirat, who will introduce him to the cult of the Six Goddesses ) and reach Jerusalem.
A more direct Arabic translation of the Alexander romance, called Sirat Al-Iskandar, was discovered in Constantinople, at the Hagia Sophia, and is dated to the 13th century.
As an elderly man, Abu ' Afak Arwan wrote a politically charged poem against Muhammad and his followers that is preserved in the Sira. The affair was recorded by Ibn Ishaq in " Sirat Rasul Allah " ( The Life of the Prophet of God ), the oldest biography of Muhammad.
Among the most precious manuscripts currently housed in the library are volumes from the famous Al-Muwatta of Malik written on gazelle parchment, the Sirat Ibn Ishaq, a copy of the Qur ' an given by Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur in 1602, and the original copy of Ibn Khaldun's book Al -' Ibar.
They believe in an afterlife, a judgment day, the bridge Sirat, heaven and hell, etc.
* Guillaume, Alfred, The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah.
* Nomani, Shibli, Sirat al-Nabi.
al-Zahir and Baibars
* 1260 al-Zahir Rukn-ad-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari
* 1260 al-Zahir Rukn-ad-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari
* Asly, B., al-Zahir Baibars, Dar An-Nafaes Publishing, Beirut 1992
al-Zahir and .
For the next seven years, the Druze faced extreme persecution by the new caliph, al-Zahir, who wanted to eradicate the faith.
" In 1038, two years after the death of al-Zahir, the Druze movement was able to resume because the new leadership that replaced him had friendly political ties with at least one prominent Druze leader.
The most commonly held view is that he was executed sometime between 1191 and 1208 in Aleppo on charges of cultivating Batini teachings and philosophy, by the order of al-Malik al-Zahir, son of Saladin.
He took the reign name al-Zahir, perhaps in imitation of the sultan al-Zahir Baybars.
Baibars and H
A village called Tayyibat al-Ism was on the list of lands allocated by sultan Baibars to his amirs in 663 H. ( 1265 – 1266 C. E.
Baibars and .
In 1250, with the coming to power of the Mamluks under Rukn al-Din Baibars, tolerance of Christianity declined ; the clergies left the city, and in 1263 the town walls were demolished.
Sultan Qutuz of Egypt eventually defeated the Mongols in the Battle of Ain Jalut ( near Ein Harod ) and his successor ( and assassin ), Baibars, eliminated the last Crusader Kingdom of Acre in 1291, thereby ending the Crusades.
Egyptian Mamluk Sultan, Baibars ( 1260 – 1277 ) conquered Palestine and the Mamluks ruled it until 1517, regarding it as part of Syria.
In Hebron, Baibars banned Jews from worshiping at the Cave of the Patriarchs ( the second holiest site in Judaism ), the ban remained in place until its conquest by Israel 700 years later.
The Mamluk sultans Baibars and al-Ashraf Khalil eventually reconquered all the remaining crusader strongholds, culminating in the destruction of Acre in 1291.
In October, the Khwarazmians, along with the Egyptian army under the command of Baibars, were met by the Frankish army, led by Philip of Montfort, Walter of Brienne, and the masters of the Templars, Hospitallers, and Teutonic Knights, along with al-Mansur and Dawud.
On the way back to Egypt, the Mamluk sultan Qutuz was assassinated by the general Baibars, who was far less favourable than his predecessor to alliances with the Franks.
By this time, the Mamluks under Baibars were taking advantage of the kingdom's constant disputes, and began conquering the remaining crusader cities along the coast.
In 1265, Baibars took Caesarea, Haifa and Arsuf, and Safad and Toron in 1266.
Hugh III and Baibars made a one-year truce after these conquests ; Baibars knew that Louis IX was planning another crusade from Europe, and assumed that the target would once again be Egypt.
Baibars was free to continue his campaigns: in 1270 he had the Assassins kill Philip of Montfort, and in 1271 he captured the Hospitaller and Teutonic Knights strongholds of Krak des Chevaliers and Montfort Castle.
Edward could do nothing except arrange a ten-year truce with Baibars, who nevertheless attempted to have him assassinated as well.
Its heiress, Isabella of Ibelin ( widow of Hugh II ), actually placed it under Baibars ' protection.
Baibars died in 1277 and was succeeded by Qalawun.
* 1268 – The Principality of Antioch, a crusader state, falls to the Mamluk Sultan Baibars in the Battle of Antioch.
* 1260 – Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.
* 1271 — Edward I of England and Charles of Anjou arrive in Acre, starting the Ninth Crusade against Baibars.
* April 15 – Battle of Elbistan: Mamluk sultan Baibars invades the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm and defeats a Mongol army.
* July 1 – Baibars, Mameluk sultan of Egypt ( b. 1223 )
* Baibars, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria ( d. 1277 )
The Mamluks, led by their new sultan Baibars, quickly became a regional power in the Middle East by capturing a number of crusader states and repulsing Mongol attacks.
* 1260 – October 24 – Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.
* 1261 – Baibars establishes a puppet Caliphate in Cairo.
* 1266 – Baibars expands his domain, capturing the city of Byblos ( in present-day Lebanon ) and the important castle of Toron from crusader states, and defeating the Armenians at Cilicia.
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