As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean ( which is sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic ), to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south.

Some authorities show it extending south to Antarctica, while others show it bounded at the 60 ° parallel by the Southern Ocean.

It is surrounded by the southern waters of the World Ocean – alternatively ( depending on source ), it is washed by the Southern ( or Antarctic ) Ocean or the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.

See Ocean fisheries # Southern Ocean.

The ACC is the dominant circulation feature of the Southern Ocean and, at approximately 125 Sverdrups, the largest ocean current.

The Circumpolar Current is driven by the strong westerly winds which are found in the latitudes of the Southern Ocean.

But in the Southern Ocean, the momentum imparted to the surface waters cannot be offset in this way.

Some theories connect these flows directly, implying that there is significant upwelling of dense deep waters within the Southern Ocean, transformation of these waters into light surface waters, and a transformation of waters in the opposite direction to the north.

* Southern Ocean changing but still major CO2 sink, Environmental News Network, November 24, 2008

Category: Geography of the Southern Ocean

* 1916 – Ernest Shackleton and five men of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition launch a lifeboat from uninhabited Elephant Island in the Southern Ocean to organise a rescue for the ice-trapped ship.

The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica and the ice shelves, waters, and island territories in the Southern Ocean situated south of the Antarctic Convergence.

The province's mainland away from the coastal regions is not as moderated by the Pacific Ocean and ranges from desert and semi-arid plateau to the range and canyon districts of the Central and Southern Interior to boreal forest and sub-arctic prairie in the Northern Interior.

* Southern Ocean

There are at least three distinct subspecies: B. m. musculus of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, B. m. intermedia of the Southern Ocean and B. m. brevicauda ( also known as the pygmy blue whale ) found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean.

Authorities classify the species into three or four subspecies: B. m. musculus, the northern blue whale consisting of the North Atlantic and North Pacific populations, B. m. intermedia, the southern blue whale of the Southern Ocean, B. m. brevicauda, the pygmy blue whale found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, and the more problematic B. m. indica, the great Indian rorqual, which is also found in the Indian Ocean and, although described earlier, may be the same subspecies as B. m. brevicauda.

Just as the Negro situation points up the gradual and abrupt changes affecting Southern life, it also points up the non-representation of urbanism in Southern literature.

One of the early humorists already mentioned, Thomas Bangs Thorpe, can be used to illustrate another point where Faulkner touches authentic Southern materials and also earlier literary treatment of those materials.

From his playmates in Savannah, Mercer had picked up, along with a soft Southern dialect, traces also of the Gullah dialects of Africa.

Localized dialects also exist with quite distinct variations, such as in Southern Appalachia and New York.

She also serves on the Board of Trustees for Southern Vermont College in Bennington, Vermont.

Southern and mid-western states also passed numerous laws to protect Sunday during the mid to late 19th century.

Another project was launched in the same year, which aims to link Burundi and Rwanda ( which also has no railways ) to the DRC and Zambia, and therefore to the rest of Southern Africa.

In Southern France the sport is also popular and known as Boule Lyonnaise.

Instead, from 1 January 1923, almost all the remaining companies were grouped into the " big four ", the Great Western Railway, the London and North Eastern Railway, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway companies ( there were also a number of other joint railways such as the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway and the Cheshire Lines Committee as well as special joint railways such as the Forth Bridge Railway, Ryde Pier Railway and at one time the East London Railway ).

Cameroon also faces a complaint filed with the African Commission on Human Rights by the Southern Cameroons National Council ( SCNC ) and the Southern Cameroons Peoples Organisation ( SCAPO ) against the Government of the Republic of Cameroon, in which the complainants allege that the Republic of Cameroon is illegally occupying the territory of Southern Cameroons.

The Southern Song Dynasty also suffered the humiliation of having to acknowledge the Jin Dynasty as formal overlords.

Between 1673 and 1681, the Emperor Kangxi suppressed an uprising of three generals in Southern China who had been denied hereditary rule to large fiefdoms granted by the previous emperor ; he also put down a Ming restorationist invasion from Taiwan, called the Revolt of the Three Feudatories.

Goodhue's designs for Caltech were also influenced by the traditional Spanish mission architecture of Southern California.

The constellation was also used on the dark blue, shield-like patch worn by personnel of the U. S. Army's Americal Division, which was organized in the Southern Hemisphere, on the island of New Caledonia, and also the blue diamond of the U. S. 1st Marine Division, which fought on the Southern Hemisphere islands of Guadalcanal and New Britain.

" Southern Cross " is also a 1982 song by the classic rock group Crosby, Stills and Nash, written by Rick Curtis, Michael Curtis, and Stephen Stills.

The 1997 Rolf de Heer film, Epsilon, also known as Alien Visitor, an alien in female form descends to Earth from Epsilon in the Southern Cross, and inspires an Outback traveler to better his planet.

* Vaccinium erythrocarpum or Oxycoccus erythrocarpus ( Southern Mountain Cranberry ) native to southeastern North America at high altitudes in the southern Appalachian Mountains, and also in eastern Asia.

Those writers known collectively as the `` Southern school '' have received accolades from even those critics least prone to eulogize ; ;

Boer (,, or ; ) is the Dutch and Afrikaans word for farmer, which came to denote the descendants of the Dutch-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th century, as well as those who left the Cape Colony during the 19th century to settle in the Orange Free State, Transvaal ( which are together known as the Boer Republics ), and to a lesser extent Natal.

Its name is Latin for cross, and it is dominated by a cross-shaped asterism that is commonly known as the Southern Cross.

The most prominent feature of Crux is the distinctive asterism known as the Southern Cross.

The main character from the Namco game for the PlayStation Portable Ace Combat X: Skies of Deception who remains unnamed in the story but rather goes by his codename Gryphus-1 ( as he is the leader of the Gryphus Squadron ) is known as the " Southern Cross ", and his squadron's emblem is an Andean Condor with the Southern Cross in its beak.

The hotel was demolished in 2005 and replaced by the similarly named office building known as Southern Cross Tower.

One of the most recognizable constellations of the northern summer and autumn, it features a prominent asterism known as the Northern Cross ( in contrast to the Southern Cross ).

Similar plant communities are found in the four other Mediterranean climate regions around the world, including the Mediterranean Basin ( where it is known as maquis ), central Chile ( where it is called matorral ), South African Cape Region ( known there as fynbos ), and in Western and Southern Australia.

Sapir's description of Southern Paiute is known by linguistics as " a model of analytical excellence ".

" It is known that Eritrea played a role in bringing about the peace agreement the Southern Sudanese and Government ,"

The Southern Oscillation refers to variations in the temperature of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean ( warming and cooling known as El Niño and La Niña respectively ) and in air surface pressure in the tropical western Pacific.

At a meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society in Britain, a team from University of Queensland described 40 unknown " dwarf " galaxies in this constellation ; follow-up observations with the Hubble Space Telescope and the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope revealed that ultra compact dwarfs are much smaller than previously known dwarf galaxies, about across.

When European explorers discovered what are today known as penguins in the Southern Hemisphere, they noticed their similar appearance to the Great Auk and named them after this bird, although they are not related.

Southern plantation fiction ( also known as Anti-Tom literature ) from the early 19th century culminating in Gone with the Wind is written from the perspective and values of the slaveholder and tends to present slaves as docile and happy.

To gain Republican votes in Southern states, Hoover pioneered an electoral tactic later known as the " Southern Strategy ".

TVT-6 ( since known as TasTV, now WIN Television ) took on a Nine Network affiliation, with Southern Cross carrying both Seven and Ten programming.

Dried maize Mote ( food ) | mote, also known as hominy, that is used in Southern and Mexican cuisine

Prior to independence as Zimbabwe, the nation had been known by several names: Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, and Zimbabwe-Rhodesia.

Over a period of thirty years, he visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands ; his journeys including trips to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in the West, and to the Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance surpassing threefold his near-contemporary Marco Polo.