Spectroscopic analysis is commonly carried out in solutions but solids and gases may also be studied.

Spectroscopic analysis of HD 209458 b, an extrasolar planet in this constellation has provided the first evidence of atmospheric water vapor beyond the solar system, while extrasolar planets orbiting the star HR 8799 also in Pegasus are the first to be directly imaged.

Spectroscopic analysis had shown that the planet had a mass about 0. 69 times that of Jupiter .< ref name =" mass ">

Spectroscopic analysis of Mars ' atmosphere began in earnest in 1894, when U. S. astronomer William Wallace Campbell showed that neither water nor oxygen were present in the Martian atmosphere.

Spectroscopic analysis indicates the possible presence of hydrated silicates indicating that 135 Hertha should possibly be reclassified from its present M-type to the proposed W-type.

Spectroscopic analysis has shown that some of these asteroids are now located in the 9 / 4 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter.

Spectroscopic and crystallographic studies spanning several decades have resulted in a good understanding of both the structure and mechanism of hydrogenase catalysis.

Spectroscopic ellipsometry ( SE ) employs broad band light sources, which cover a certain spectral range in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet spectral region.

Spectroscopic ellipsometry in the near infrared, visible up to ultraviolet spectral region studies the refractive index in the transparency or below-band-gap region and electronic properties, for instance, band-to-band transitions or excitons.

Spectroscopic studies revealed absorption lines in the Jovian spectrum due to diatomic sulfur ( S < sub > 2 </ sub >) and carbon disulfide ( CS < sub > 2 </ sub >), the first detection of either in Jupiter, and only the second detection of S < sub > 2 </ sub > in any astronomical object.

Spectroscopic data is often represented by a spectrum, a plot of the response of interest as a function of wavelength or frequency.

Spectroscopic indicators are the D < sub > 2 </ sub > O-exchangeable SH signal in the < sup > 1 </ sup > H NMR spectrum (< sup > 33 </ sup > S is NMR active but signals for divalent sulfur are very broad and of little utility ).

Spectroscopic binaries can be found by observing doppler shifts in the spectrum of the star and its close companion.

Spectroscopic examination of the energy states in the outflow of matter from the companion star suggest that it is about 224 AU behind the primary, giving a combined separation of about 574 AU.

Spectroscopic observers found that ammonia and carbon disulfide persisted in the atmosphere for at least fourteen months after the collisions, with a considerable amount of ammonia being present in the stratosphere as opposed to its normal location in the troposphere.

Spectroscopic measurements of the strength and width of these lines allow the composition and physical properties of a substance to be determined.

Among the Laboratory's current major active projects are the Mars Science Laboratory mission ( which includes the Curiosity rover ), the Cassini – Huygens mission orbiting Saturn, the Mars Exploration Rovers ( Spirit and Opportunity ), the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Dawn mission to the dwarf planet Ceres and asteroid Vesta, the Juno spacecraft en route to Jupiter, the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory ( GRAIL ) mission to the Moon, the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array ( NuSTAR ) X-ray telescope, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.

Spectroscopic observation of nova ejecta nebulae has shown that they are enriched in elements such as helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon and magnesium.

Spectroscopic measurements revealed common radial velocities, thus showing that the clusters consist of stars bound together as a group.

Spectroscopic studies were central to the development of quantum mechanics and included Max Planck's explanation of blackbody radiation, Albert Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect and Niels Bohr's explanation of atomic structure and spectra.

Spectroscopic studies are designed so that the radiant energy interacts with specific types of matter.

Spectroscopic observations thus showed that nebulae were made of extremely rarefied gas.

Spectroscopic observations show that all planetary nebulae are expanding.

* According to estimates released in October 2007, the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer ( FUSE ) space telescope, decommissioned that month, will continue orbiting the earth until it burns up in the atmosphere approximately 30 years after its decommissioning.

Spectroscopic image resolution levels of 200 nm or below has been achieved on latest imaging XPS instruments using synchrotron radiation as X-ray source.

The science operations activities directly serve the astronomy community, primarily in the form of HST ( and eventually JWST ) observations and grants, but also include distributing data from other NASA missions ( e. g., Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, Galaxy Evolution Explorer ) and ground-based sky surveys.

( 2005 ) `` Vegetation's Red Edge: A Possible Spectroscopic Biosignature of Extraterrestrial Plants Astrobiology, Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 372 – 390.

Active site coordination chemistry of the cytochrome c peroxidase Asp235Ala variant: Spectroscopic and functional characterization.

Other uses of the term parallax in astronomy, with different meanings are the Photometric parallax method, Spectroscopic parallax, and Dynamical parallax.

As part of the company's growing homeland security business and strategic focus, Raytheon has teamed with other contractors to develop an Advance Spectroscopic Portal ( ASP ) to allow border officials to view and identify radioactive materials in vehicles and shipping containers more effectively.

* Kodak Spectroscopic Plate Type 649-F is specified with a resolving power of 2000 lines / mm.

Slater describes the dedication of the Laboratory, the hosting of meetings of the International Astronomical Union, the American Physical Society, and a Spectroscopic conference, and ends: " In general the year has been one of settling down to work under satisfactory conditions, after the more difficult transition of the preceding year.

However, Curie also worked with unshielded X-ray tubes during World War I, and analysis of her skeleton during a reburial showed a relatively low level of radioisotope burden.

Alexander Grothendieck's work during the ` Golden Age ' period at IHÉS established several unifying themes in algebraic geometry, number theory, topology, category theory and complex analysis.

Louis Pasteur carried out scientific analysis on paint during this time period as well.

His book The Soccer Tribe published in 1981 was partly based on research carried out during his directorship of Oxford United, including as it did analysis of the ' tribal ' chanting of the club's fans during matches at the club's Manor Ground.

Hilbert spaces are an important class of objects in the area of functional analysis, particularly of the spectral theory of self-adjoint linear operators, that grew up around it during the 20th century.

The Portuguese navigator Pedro de Mascarenhas may have discovered the island during his voyage of 1512 – 1513, but there is little corroborative evidence for this ; cartographic analysis points to 1532 or later.

In February 2006, a University of California Blue Ribbon Commission that included Lawrence Korb, a former assistant defense secretary during the Reagan administration, William Perry, Secretary of Defense in the Clinton administration, and professors from the United States Military Academy released their assessment of the GAO's analysis of the cost of DADT released a year earlier.

New video analysis of Pileated Woodpeckers in escape flights comparable to that of the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker filmed in Arkansas shows that Pileated Woodpeckers can display a wingbeat frequency equivalent to that of the Arkansas bird during escape flight.

Longships were sea vessels made and used by the Vikings from the Nordic countries for trade, commerce, exploration, and warfare during the Viking Age although scientific analysis of the oak timber shows at least one well known ship was built in Dublin, Ireland.

The analysis indicates that during the Livonian War a pro-independence wing emerged among the Livonian gentry and townspeople, forming the so-called " Peace Party ".

Specialists have carried out lithic or microwear analysis on artefacts, but it has sometimes proved difficult to distinguish those fractures made during the process of fashioning the flint implement from those made during its use.

Pneumatic tube systems are used in science, to transport samples during neutron activation analysis.

Several figures from the 1970s, including philosopher Antonio Negri who was wrongly accused of being the " mastermind " of the BR, have called for a new analysis of the events which happened during the " years of lead " in Italy.

As one of the first of the structural analysis of language, which became the dominant trend of linguistics during the first half of the twentieth-century, Jakobson was among the most influential linguists of the century.

Jain proposes ( attributed to George Stigler ): " A partial equilibrium is one which is based on only a restricted range of data, a standard example is price of a single product, the prices of all other products being held fixed during the analysis.

The concepts of later tensor analysis arose from the work of Carl Friedrich Gauss in differential geometry, and the formulation was much influenced by the theory of algebraic forms and invariants developed during the middle of the nineteenth century.

Accounts of the success of operations research during the war, publication in 1944 of John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behavior on the use of game theory for developing and analyzing optimal strategies for military and other uses, and publication of John William's The Compleat Strategyst, a popular exposition of game theory, led to a greater appreciation of mathematical analysis of human behavior.

That Thucydides was clearly moved by the suffering inherent in war and concerned about the excesses to which human nature is prone in such circumstances is evident in his analysis of the atrocities committed during civil conflict on Corcyra, which includes the phrase " War is a violent teacher ".

If proven cost-effective in a life cycle cost analysis during the Analysis of Alternatives ( AoA ) phase of preliminary ship design, new ship classes ( e. g. CG ( X )) could proceed with nuclear propulsion.

Voice problems that require voice analysis most commonly originate from the vocal folds or the laryngeal musculature that controls them, since the folds are subject to collision forces with each vibratory cycle and to drying from the air being forced through the small gap between them, and the laryngeal musclature is intensely active during speech or singing and is subject to tiring.

Also in 1919 Germany raised the issue of the Allied blockade to counter charges against the German use of submarine warfare. In 1928 a German academic study sponsored by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace provided a thorough analysis of the German civilian deaths during the war.

He painted little during this period, but devoted his time to artistic teaching, with a program based on form and colour analysis ; he also helped organize the Institute of Artistic Culture in Moscow.