For example, his method of getting up in the morning incorporates a bed that tips over to wake up its owner, an invention that was exhibited at The Great Exhibition of 1851 by Theophilus Carter, and is similar to a device sold in Japan that is used to ensure the sleeper awakens on time by inflating a pillow under their normal pillow and rolling the person, thus waking them up.

In May 1851 he moved to Cobh to lay the foundation for that lighthouse ; the success of these undertakings led to the use of his invention on the breakwater at Portland, the viaduct and bridges on the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway and the whole system of Indian telegraphs.

Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre ( 18 November 1787 – 10 July 1851 ) was a French artist and physicist, recognized for his invention of the daguerreotype process of photography.

The first " mitrailleuse " was a manually fired 50-barrel volley gun originally developed in Belgium in 1851, 10 years before the advent of the Gatling gun, by the Belgian Army Captain Fafschamps, who made a rough prototype and drawings of his invention.

While a number of older leather preserving products existed ( including the Irish brand Punch, which was first made in 1851, and the German brand, Erdal, which went on sale in 1901 ), Kiwi's invention in 1906 made it the first shoe polish to resemble the modern varieties ( aimed primarily at inducing shine ).

* November 18 – Louis Daguerre, French artist and chemist, recognized for his invention of the daguerreotype process of photography ( died 1851 )

His slide ruler invention ( U. S. patent # 7961 ) was filed with the United States Patent Office on March 4, 1851.

Afterward he invented a power loom for weaving " Brussels " ( i. e. pictorial tapestry ) and velvet tapestry carpets, his most important invention, which attracted much attention at the World's Fair in London in 1851.

In 1851, however, Maynard had patented a more successful idea: a simple lever-operated breechloading rifle, which used a metallic cartridge his own invention.

As long ago as 1851 it was pointed out by Niepce ( 1851 ) that there is a connection between the pituitary and the thyroid.

* 1851 – The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.

The wooden bridge, dating from the Middle Ages, across the Aar was destroyed by floods three times in thirty years, and was replaced with a steel suspension bridge in 1851.

The Challicum bunyip, an outline image of a bunyip carved by Aborigines into the bank of Fiery Creek, near Ararat, Victoria, was first recorded by The Australasian newspaper in 1851.

It was in use by 1 October 1851, and served as a ballroom until completion of the new ballroom in 1856.

The collection was dramatically enlarged by the excavations of A. H. Layard at the Assyrian sites of Nimrud and Nineveh between 1845 and 1851.

For the next forty years, Chile's armed forces would be distracted from meddling in politics by skirmishes and defensive operations on the southern frontier, although some units got embroiled in domestic conflicts in 1851 and 1859.

López's fourth expedition landed in Pinar del Río province with around 400 men in August 1851 ; the invaders were defeated by Spanish troops and López was executed.

Shipbuilding peaked in the 1850s, marked in 1851 by the full rigged ship Lord Clarendon, the largest wooden ship ever built in Cape Breton.

Internally, the Taiping Rebellion ( 1851 – 1864 ), a quasi-Christian religious movement led by the " Heavenly King " Hong Xiuquan, would raid roughly a third of Chinese territory for over a decade until they were finally crushed in the Third Battle of Nanking in 1864.

Clipper ship Southern Cross leaving Boston Harbor, 1851, by Fitz Hugh Lane

The Arithmometer, invented in 1820 as a four-operation mechanical calculator, was released to production in 1851 as an adding machine and became the first commercially successful unit ; forty years later, by 1890, about 2, 500 arithmometers had been sold plus a few hundreds more from two arithmometer clone makers ( Burkhardt, Germany, 1878 and Layton, UK, 1883 ) and Felt and Tarrant, the only other competitor in true commercial production, had sold 100 comptometers.

It is a term first used in 1891 in this Latin form by Arnold Pick ( 1851 – 1924 ), a professor of psychiatry at the German branch of Charles University in Prague.

The first encyclopedia written originally in Swedish was Svenskt konversationslexikon ( 4 volumes, 1845 – 1851 ) by Per Gustaf Berg.

Image: Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851. jpg | Washington Crossing the Delaware

The Hiscocks gully rally of August 1851 was followed by dissent across the colony's mining settlements.

Following his education in Giessen, he took postdoctoral fellowships in Paris ( 1851 – 52 ), in Chur, Switzerland ( 1852 – 53 ), and in London ( 1853 – 55 ), where he was decisively influenced by Alexander Williamson.

Washington Crossing the Delaware, December 25, 1776, by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

The philosopher and critic George Henry Lewes met Evans in 1851, and by 1854 they had decided to live together.

In 1851, Otto Funke published a series of articles in which he described growing hemoglobin crystals by successively diluting red blood cells with a solvent such as pure water, alcohol or ether, followed by slow evaporation of the solvent from the resulting protein solution.

As 1851 opened, Louis Napoleon was not allowed by the Constitution of 1848 to seek re-election as President of France.

Irish-born became the majority in Toronto by 1851.

* Hermann von Helmholtz, great German polymath, invented the ophthalmoscope ( 1851 ) and published important work on physiological optics, including colour vision ( 1850s ).

He was an early user of the ophthalmoscope invented by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1851.

* Hermann Emil Fischer ( 1851 – 1919 ), Nobel Prize 1902

The first reported climb was made in 1851 by the British consul Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk.

It is the birthplace of writer and editor Hermann Schlüter ( 1851 – 1919 ), the mathematician Hermann Weyl ( 1885 – 1955 ), and the medievalist Heinz Woehlk ( 1944-).

In the following years the Museum gradually became known so it continued to attract several foreign scientists who wished to achieve scientific stature with their work in Brazil, such as Fritz Müller ( 1821 – 1897 ), Hermann von Ihering ( 1850 – 1930 ), Carl August Wilhelm Schwacke ( 1848 – 1894 ), Orville Adalbert Derby ( 1851 – 1915 ), Émil August Goeldi ( 1859 – 1917 ), Louis Couty ( 1854 – 1884 ) and others, all fired by museum director Ladislau Netto when the emperor was deposed.

In 1851 he published anonymously Babylon und Jerusalem, a slashing criticism of the views of the Countess von Hahn-Hahn.

* 1775 – Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal ( d. 1851 )

* 1913 – Chris von der Ahe, German-American businessman ( b. 1851 )

* 1851 – Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal ( b. 1775 )

* 1851 – Chris von der Ahe, German born entrepreneur ( d. 1913 )

The first white dwarf discovered was in the triple star system of 40 Eridani, which contains the relatively bright main sequence star 40 Eridani A, orbited at a distance by the closer binary system of the white dwarf 40 Eridani B and the main sequence red dwarf 40 Eridani C. The pair 40 Eridani B / C was discovered by William Herschel on 31 January 1783 ;< sup >, p. 73 </ sup > it was again observed by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve in 1825 and by Otto Wilhelm von Struve in 1851.

Topelius initially thought of writing a trivial entertainment, but having heard extracts from the opera project at a concert in 1851, he realized that Pacius was writing a grand opera on the theme of salvation, following the early Romantic style of Carl Maria von Weber's Der Freischütz ( 1821 ) and Oberon ( 1826 ).

* June 17 – Adolf Pilar von Pilchau, Baltic German politician, regent of the United Baltic Duchy and baron ( b. 1851 )

* June 12 – Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal ( d. 1851 )

The 1851 marriage of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine and German-Polish noblewoman Countess Julia von Hauke ( created Princess of Battenberg ), provided a sovereign prince of Bulgaria, and queen-consorts for Spain and Sweden, as well as ( through female descent ) the consort of the current Queen of the United Kingdom.

His works were collected and published by a number of his adherents — F Hoffman, J Hamberger, E v. Schaden, Lutterbeck, von Osten-Sacken and Schluter — Baader's sämmtliche Werke ( 16 vols., 1851 – 1860 ).

* Pelham von Donop ( 1851 – 1921 ), English footballer, soldier and railway inspector, godfather to P. G. Wodehouse

* Franz von Liszt ( 1851 – 1919 ), German jurist, cousin of Franz Liszt

Among the institutions affiliated with the university are The KITLV or Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies ( founded in 1851 ), the observatory 1633 ; the natural history museum, with a very complete anatomical cabinet ; the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden ( National Museum of Antiquities ), with specially valuable Egyptian and Indian departments ; a museum of Dutch antiquities from the earliest times ; and three ethnographical museums, of which the nucleus was Philipp Franz von Siebold's Japanese collections.

His political and social sympathies with the revolutionary movement of 1848 were shown in the dramas Wiener Immortellen ( 1848 ), Lambertine von Méricourt ( 1850 ), and Ferdinand von Schill ( 1851 ), as well as in his first collection of poems, Gedichte ( 1850 ), and in a lyric epic, Die Göttin, ein hohes Lied vom Weibe ( 1853 ).

To the period of his political activity belong Zur Geschichte der deutschen Reichsversammlung in Frankfurt ( 1849 ); Heinrich von Gagern ( 1850 ), in the series of Männer der Gegenwart ; and the anonymous Vier Monate auswärtiger Politik ( 1851 ).

In 1851 he brought out a life of Count Yorck von Wartenburg ( Berlin, 1851 – 1852 ), generally considered one of the best biographies in the German language and then began his great work on the Geschichte der preussischen Politik, or, in English, The History of Prussian Politics, ( Berlin, 1855 – 1886 ).

Turning his attention to the history of Naples, he wrote Die Carafa von Maddaloni Neapel unter spanischer Herrschaft ( 1851 ; Eng.

Adolf von Harnack ( 7 May 1851 – 10 June 1930 ), was a German Lutheran theologian and prominent church historian.

Max Unger suggested that Ludwig Nohl may have transcribed the title incorrectly and the original work may have been named " Für Therese ", a reference to Therese Malfatti von Rohrenbach zu Dezza ( 1792 – 1851 ).

In the meantime, the Austrian musicologist Michael Lorenz has shown that Rudolf Schachner, who in 1851 inherited Therese von Droßdik's musical scores, was the illegitimate son of Babette Bredl ( who in 1865 let Nohl copy the autograph in her possession ).

* Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk ( 1851 – 1914 ), Austrian economist