Originally recorded by hand, these words have been copied and recopied, translated and retranslated through the ages.

But Af is just the curve Af translated without rotation through a small arc, for Af is always obtained by rotating C through exactly 90-degrees.

We propose a method for selecting only dictionary information required by the text being translated and a means for passing the information directly to the occurrences in text.

Only when the collage had been exhaustively translated into oil, and transformed by this translation, did Cubism become an affair of positive color and flat, interlocking silhouettes whose legibility and placement created allusions to, if not the illusion of, unmistakable three-dimensional identities.

This viewpoint has now been translated into action by the majority of people in this country.

Most of the still extant works of Aristotle, as well as a number of the original Greek commentaries, were translated into Arabic and studied by Muslim philosophers, scientists and scholars.

Another possibility, raised in an essay by the Swedish fantasy writer and editor Rickard Berghorn, is that the name Alhazred was influenced by references to two historical authors whose names were Latinized as Alhazen: Alhazen ben Josef, who translated Ptolemy into Arabic ; and Abu ' Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham, who wrote about optics, mathematics and physics.

The result were two volumes ( J. S. Bach ), which was published in 1908 and translated in English by Ernest Newman in 1911.

This book, which established his reputation, was first translated into English by William Montgomery and published in 1910 as The Quest of the Historical Jesus.

S. Dunya, Cairo, 1960 ; parts translated by S. C. Inati, Remarks and Admonitions, Part One: Logic, Toronto, Ont.

A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.

This book has been translated into English by Parwiz Mowewedge.

* For Ibn Sina's life, see Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, translated by de Slane ( 1842 ); F. Wüstenfeld's Geschichte der arabischen Aerzte und Naturforscher ( Göttingen, 1840 ).

Both books were translated and released by French publisher Jeux Descartes in 1994 and 1995.

This has been translated either as 4, 080, 000 stadia ( 1903 translation by Edwin Hamilton Gifford ), or as 804, 000, 000 stadia ( edition of Édouard des Places, dated 1974-1991 ).

In 1843, the description was translated into English and extensively annotated by Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace, who had become interested in the engine ten years earlier.

* The Abduction ( novel ), 1987, also called Bortførelsen, written in Norwegian by Mette Newth, translated into English by Steven T. Murray and Tiina Nunnally

Apologie pour l ' histoire ou Métier d ' historien ( 1949 ), translated as The Historian's Craft ( 1953 ) excerpt of 1992 introduction by Peter Burke, and text search

by Peter Burke ( 1973 ) translated articles from Annales

The hymn was translated into other languages as well: while on the Trail of Tears, the Cherokee sang Christian hymns as a way of coping with the ongoing tragedy, and a version of the song by Samuel Worcester that had been translated into the Cherokee language became very popular.

His commentaries were greatly esteemed among the Arabs, who translated many of them, and he is heavily quoted by Maimonides.

Several of Alexander's works were published in the Aldine edition of Aristotle, Venice, 1495 – 1498 ; his De Fato and De Anima were printed along with the works of Themistius at Venice ( 1534 ); the former work, which has been translated into Latin by Grotius and also by Schulthess, was edited by J. C. Orelli, Zürich, 1824 ; and his commentaries on the Metaphysica by H. Bonitz, Berlin, 1847.

Linebarger's cultural links to China are partially expressed in the pseudonym " Felix C. Forrest ", which he used in addition to " Cordwainer Smith ": his godfather Sun Yat-Sen suggested to Linebarger that he adopt the Chinese name " Lin Bai-lo " (), which may be roughly translated as " Forest of Incandescent Bliss ".

Later, it was translated into almost every language, including Chinese ( with translator Lin Shu creating the first Chinese translation of an American novel in 1901 ) and Amharic ( with the 1930 translation created in support of Ethiopian efforts to end the suffering of blacks in that nation ).

The Ming General Qi Jiguang included description of Shaolin Quan Fa ( Pinyin romanization: Shào Lín Quán Fǎ or Wade-Giles romanization Shao Lin Ch ' üan Fa, 少 林 拳 法 " fist principles "; Japanese pronunciation: Shorin Kempo or Kenpo ) and staff techniques in his book, Ji Xiao Xin Shu ( 紀效新書 ), which can be translated as " New Book Recording Effective Techniques ".

Lin Yutang championed Li and translated a number of these essays.

" Lin also translated Li's " How to be Happy Though Rich " and " How to be Happy Though Poor ," and " The Arts of Sleeping, Walking, Sitting and Standing ," which illustrate his satirical approach to serious topics.

Moment in Peking () ( also translated as ) is an historical novel originally written in English by the Chinese American author Lin Yutang.

* Beloved elephant Lin Wang passes away, by Chang Meng-jui, translated by Jonathan Barnard, from Sino.

Although Lin Yutang ( 1895-1976 ) claimed " Face cannot be translated or defined ", compare these definitions:

The People's Republic of China celebrates Arbor Day on March 12, a day founded by Lin Daoyang, continue to use following the date of Arbor Day of Republic of China.

The monument was created by Maya Lin who created the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D. C.

One of the early attempts was an electro-mechanical Chinese typewriter Ming kwai () which was invented by Lin Yutang, a prominent Chinese writer.

* Callisto series, a sequence of novels by Lin Carter

For ' posthumous collaborations ' of Smith ( stories completed by Lin Carter ), see the entry on Lin Carter.

* Averoigne ( reportedly compiled by series editor Lin Carter, but never released )

The character of Conan has proven durably popular, resulting in Conan stories by later writers such as Poul Anderson, Leonard Carpenter, Lin Carter, L. Sprague de Camp, Roland J.

Before leaving, Lee learns from his teacher that Han's bodyguard O ' Hara ( Robert Wall ) had been involved in the death of his sister, Su Lin ( Angela Mao ), years ago, when she committed suicide to save herself from dishonour after being cornered by O ' Hara and a collection of Han's thugs.

* Lovecraft: A Look Behind the Cthulhu Mythos ( ISBN 0-586-04166-4 ), written by Lin Carter in 1972, is a survey of Lovecraft's work ( along with that of other members of the Lovecraft Circle ) with considerable information on his life.

* The Rise and Fall of the Cthulhu Mythos by S. T. Joshi ( Mythos Books, 2008 ) is the first full-length critical study since Lin Carter's to examine the development of Lovecraft's Mythos and its outworking in the oeuvres of various modern writers.

In the immediate aftermath of the collapse of the protests at Tiananmen Square, Lin Zhaohua staged a 1990 Hamlet in which the prince was an ordinary individual tortured by a loss of meaning.

In 2011, Zhong Lin Wang from the Georgia Institute of Technology discovered that the energy efficiency of Piezoelectric UV LEDs can be increased by 400 % ( from 2 % to 8 %) by using zinc oxide nanowires.

Vietnam War Memorial original design submission by Maya Lin

Lin believes that if the competition had not been " blind ", with designs submitted by number instead of name, she " never would have won ".

Lin was supported by Yale's President Richard Levin, other members of the Yale Corporation, and was the officially endorsed candidate of the Association of Yale Alumni.

Lin was commissioned by Ohio University to design what is known as punch card park in that institution's Bicentennial Park, a landscape literally designed to resemble a punched card, supposedly based on Lin's memories of their early use in universities.

In 1989 the Center unveiled its Civil Rights Memorial designed by Maya Lin.

This set up Tony Franklin's 36-yard field goal 1: 19 into the first quarter after 3 incomplete passes by Tony Eason ( the first of which starting tight end Lin Dawson went down with torn ligaments in his knee ).

; Pairwise exchange, or Lin – Kernighan heuristics: The pairwise exchange or 2-opt technique involves iteratively removing two edges and replacing these with two different edges that reconnect the fragments created by edge removal into a new and shorter tour.

The most popular of the k-opt methods are 3-opt, and these were introduced by Shen Lin of Bell Labs in 1965.

The Lin – Kernighan – Johnson methods compute a Lin – Kernighan tour, and then perturb the tour by what has been described as a mutation that removes at least four edges and reconnecting the tour in a different way, then v-opting the new tour.

The mutation is often enough to move the tour from the local minimum identified by Lin – Kernighan.