He was obliged to issue the Golden Bull confirming the privileges of the noblemen of Hungary and later he was also obliged to confirm the special privileges of the clergy.

In the beginning of 1222, the discontent serviens ( nobles ) came to Andrew's court in large numbers, and they persuaded the king to issue the Golden Bull which confirmed their privileges, including the right to disobey the King if he acted not in line with the provisions of the Golden Bull ( ius resistendi ).

Finally, Andrew was obliged to confirm the Golden Bull and supplement it with a provision that prohibited the employment of non-Christians and also authorized the Archbishop of Esztergom to punish the king in case he ignored his promise.

In 1222, Hungarian King Andrew II issued the Golden Bull of 1222.

The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by a Reichstag in Nuremberg headed by Emperor Charles IV that fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, an important aspect of the constitutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire.

He obtained a charter by Emperor Frederick II issued in the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, whereby Chełmno Land would be the unshared possession of the Teutonic Knights, which was confirmed by Duke Konrad of Masovia in the 1230 Treaty of Kruszwica.

There were several of them because, according to the Golden Bull of 1356, each Holy Roman Emperor had to hold his first diet in Nuremberg after his election.

The Golden Bull of 1356 stipulated that in future the emperor was to be chosen by four secular electors and three spiritual electors.

In 1212, King Přemysl Otakar I ( bearing the title " king " since 1198 ) extracted a Golden Bull of Sicily ( a formal edict ) from the emperor Frederick II., confirming the royal title for Otakar and his descendants and the Duchy of Bohemia was raised to a kingdom.

The difficulties in electing the king eventually led to the emergence of a fixed college of Prince-electors ( Kurfürsten ), whose composition and procedures were set forth in the Golden Bull of 1356.

Although some procedures and institutions had been fixed, for example by the Golden Bull of 1356, the rules of how the king, the electors, and the other dukes should cooperate in the Empire much depended on the personality of the respective king.

By the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, Frederick had assigned the military order of the Teutonic Knights to complete the conquest and conversion of the Prussian lands.

The Golden Bull of 1356 finally resolved the disputes among the electors.

The Golden Bull recognised certain additional rights belonging to the electors.

Each vicar, in the words of the Golden Bull, was " the administrator of the empire itself, with the power of passing judgments, of presenting to ecclesiastical benefices, of collecting returns and revenues and investing with fiefs, of receiving oaths of fealty for and in the name of the holy empire ".

Under the Golden Bull, a majority of electors sufficed to elect a king, and each elector could cast only one vote.

The agreement was formalised in the Bulla Aurea, or Golden Bull.

* Golden Bull, Hungary, 1222

As a result of the 14th century imperial reform of the Holy Roman Empire ( Golden Bull of 1356 ), the Landgraviates lost much of their power, and the Freigerichte disappeared, with the exception of Westphalia, where they retained their authority and transformed into the Vehmic court.

The Order waited until they received official authorisation by the empire, which Emperor Frederick II granted by issuing the Golden Bull of Rimini.

The grant was confirmed by the papal Golden Bull of Rieti from Pope Gregory IX in 1234, although Konrad of Masovia never recognized the rights of the Order to rule Prussia.

* 1222 — Andrew II of Hungary signs the Golden Bull which affirms the privileges of Hungarian nobility.

* The Golden Bull of 1222 is issued in Hungary.

* Andrew II of Hungary's Golden Bull of 1222

Andrew II issued the Golden Bull here in 1222.

* In the 13th century, the royal servants managed to co-ordinate their activities in order to increase their own powers at the expense of those of the county heads ( see e. g. The Golden Bull of Hungary of 1222 ) and thus became nobles-servientes regis.

By the 13th century, the royal servants ( servientes regis ), who mainly descended from the wealthier freemen ( liberi ), managed to ensure their liberties and their privileges were confirmed in the Golden Bull issued by King Andrew II of Hungary in 1222.

* 1222: Golden Bull of 1222 of Hungary defines the first time the rights of the nobility.

Golden Bull of 1222

The Golden Bull of 1222 was a golden bull, or edict, issued by King Andrew II of Hungary.

With the nation's class system and economic state changing, King Andrew found himself coerced into decreeing the Golden Bull of 1222 to calm the waters between hereditary nobles and the budding middle class nobility.

The nobles of the country, however, induced the king, in his Golden Bull ( 1222 ), to deprive the Jews of these high offices.

1356 Charles IV issued his Golden Bull-regulating the election of Holy Roman Emperors.

The Golden Eagle is the eighth-most common bird depicted on postage stamps with 155 stamps issued by 71 stamp-issuing entities.

In the 1920s there was no bridge spanning the watery expanse between San Francisco and Marin in California, so when the U. S. Post Office issued a postage stamp on May 1, 1923, celebrating The Golden Gate, the issue naturally portrayed the scene without a structure bridging the great span.

However, a revised Golden Books version of the storybook has since been issued.

To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Camp Fire Girls, in connection with their Golden Jubilee Convention celebration, a stamp designed by H. Edward Oliver was issued featuring the Camp Fire Girls insignia.

A unique case was the Golden Bull of 1356 ( issued by Charles IV, the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia ), recognizing the Margrave of Brandenburg as an elector of the Holy Roman Empire, membership of the highest college within the Imperial diet carrying the politically significant privilege of being the sole electors of the non-hereditary Emperor, which was previously de facto restricted to dukes and three prince-archbishops ( Cologne, Mainz and Trier ); other non-ducal lay members would be the King of Bohemia and the Palatine of the Rhenish Electorate of the Palatinate.

The Golden Bull of 1356 issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV

A Golden Bull or chrysobull was a golden ornament representing a seal ( a bulla aurea or " golden seal " in Latin ), attached to a decree issued by Byzantine Emperors and later by monarchs in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

* The Golden Bull of 1136, issued by Pope Innocent II, more commonly known as the Bull of Gniezno.

* The Golden Bull of Sicily, issued by 1212 by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.

* The Golden Bull of 1213, issued by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.

* The Golden Bull of 1214, issued by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor ceding all German territories north of the rivers Elbe and Elde to King Valdemar the Victorious of Denmark.

* The Golden Bull of Berne, supposedly also issued by Frederick II in 1218, but now considered a forgery.

* The Golden Bull of Rimini ( 1226 ), issued by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.

* The Golden Bull of 1242 issued by King Béla IV to inhabitants of Gradec ( today's Zagreb ) and Samobor in Croatia, during Mongol invasion of Europe.

* The Golden Bull of 1267, issued by King Bela IV of Hungary.

* The Golden Bull of 1348, issued by King Karel I of Bohemia, later Holy Roman Emperor as Charles IV, to establish Charles University in Prague, one of the oldest universities in the world.

* The Golden Bull of 1356 is probably the most famous golden bull, being a decree issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.

* The Golden Bull of 1702, issued by Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor to establish the Akademia Leopoldina in the Silesian capital of Breslau ( present name: Wrocław ), the future University of Breslau ( Universitas Vratislatensis ).

These have been issued alongside new issues of the traditional Pistrucci-reverse five-pound gold coin, which have been produced in limited numbers in each year except 2002, when a special commemorative for the Golden Jubilee revived the shield reverse.