After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Alpine countries began to see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians, as visitors came to experience the sublime effects of monumental nature.

* 1810 – Napoleonic Wars: The French Navy defeats the British Royal Navy, preventing them from taking the harbour of Grand Port on Île de France.

* 1799 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Mount Tabor – Napoleon drives Ottoman Turks across the River Jordan near Acre.

In 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Prussia took over and the city became one of its most socially and politically backward centres until the end of the 19th century.

* 1801 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Copenhagen – The British capture the Danish fleet.

The Arc de Triomphe ( in English: " Triumphal Arch ") honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces.

Also inscribed, on the shorter sides of the four supporting columns, are the names of the major victorious battles of the Napoleonic Wars.

* Some great battles of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars are engraved on the attic, including

Artillery is the most lethal form of land-based armament ; in the Napoleonic Wars, World War I and World War II the vast majority of combat deaths were caused by artillery.

* 1809 – Napoleonic Wars: The War of the Fifth Coalition begins when Austria invades Bavaria.

Following Wagram, Charles saw no more significant action in the Napoleonic Wars.

Wellington is better-known to posterity, because he led one of the two Allied armies at the final decisive victory of the Napoleonic Wars ( the battle of Waterloo in 1815 ), although Wellington's superior reputation is perhaps also because he only once faced Napoleon, whereas Charles was confronted by Napoleon in battle more times than any other commander.

In 1815 following the Napoleonic Wars, Bonn became part of the Kingdom of Prussia.

* Invasion of Cayenne ( 1809 ) ( 1809 ): Was a combined military operation by an Anglo-Portuguese-Brazilian expeditionary force against Cayenne, capital of the French South American colony of French Guiana in 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars.

Category: Battles of the Napoleonic Wars

These proved crucial in 1813 and 1814, when Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington's army besieged the city in the Napoleonic Wars, only taking it when they used a bridge of ships across the Adour to position artillery around the city.

Throughout its history, the British Army has seen action in a number of major wars involving the worlds great powers, including the Seven Years ' War, the Napoleonic Wars, the Crimean War, World War I and World War II.

The territorial ambitions of the French led to the War of the Spanish Succession and the Napoleonic Wars.

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

The British Army was heavily involved in the Napoleonic Wars in which the army served in multiple campaigns across Europe ( including continuous deployment in the Peninsular War ), the Caribbean, North Africa and later in North America.

The dynasty was in a position of power for around a decade until the Napoleonic Wars began to take their toll.

As well as industrial uses, the Royal Military Canal on the Romney Marsh was built so as create a barrier against invading troops, and hiding places for British troops during the Napoleonic Wars.

Clausewitz served in the Rhine Campaigns ( 1793 – 1794 ) including the Siege of Mainz, when the Prussian army invaded France during the French Revolution, and served in the Napoleonic Wars from 1806 to 1815.

Carrickfergus Castle was re-equipped with gunports in order to provide coastal defences at the end of the Napoleonic period.

During the Napoleonic Wars, the tax was increased to provide funds for the military and, even though the tax was abolished in 1825, the industry went into terminal decline.

There, the ousting of Emperor Napoleon III and the establishment of the Third Republic opened the door to activism on the part of women who began demanding changes to the Napoleonic Code that would provide education and economic independence for women and the legalization of divorce.

During the Napoleonic Wars, the emporium supplied dried fruit, spices and other preserves to the British officers and during the Victorian era it was frequently called upon to provide food for prestigious Court functions.

The original Sea Fencibles were a naval militia established to provide a close-in line of defense to protect the United Kingdom from invasion by France during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

In the late eighteenth and nineteenth century, spurred at first by financing required for the Napoleonic wars and then by the expansion of railroads in Europe, banks evolved for the first time to operate by way of commerce, that is to accept demand deposits and provide business loans, instead of only functioning for the good of the state.

Set during the Napoleonic Wars, it follows two French Hussar officers, D ' Hubert and Feraud ( Keith Carradine and Harvey Keitel ) whose quarrel over an initially minor incident turns into a bitter extended feud spanning fifteen years, interwoven with the larger conflict that provides its backdrop.

* Les Misérables by Victor Hugo takes place against the backdrop of the Napoleonic War and subsequent decades, and in its unabridged form contains an epic telling of the Battle of Waterloo.

Early professional cricket in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars forms part of the historical backdrop to Bernard Cornwell's novel, Gallows Thief ( 2002 ).

On the one hand, the major European nations had to maintain vis-a-vis each other an emphasis upon sovereignty, independence, formal equality -- thus insuring for themselves individually an optimal freedom of action to maintain the `` flexibility of alignment '' that the system required and to avoid anything approaching a repetition of the disastrous Napoleonic experience.

) Ampère ’ s maturation corresponded with the transition to the Napoleonic regime in France, and the young father and teacher found new opportunities for success within the technocratic structures favoured by the new French emperor.

On the continent of Europe among some civil law systems ( i. e. those deriving from Roman law or the Napoleonic Code ), the inquisitorial system may be used for some types of cases.

Colombia's present constitution, enacted on July 5, 1991, strengthened the administration of justice with the provision for introduction of an adversarial system which ultimately is to entirely replace the existing Napoleonic Code.

In its preparation, centuries of material was examined, scrutinized for authenticity by leading experts, and harmonized as much as possible with opposing canons and even other codes, from the Codex of Justinian to the Napoleonic Code.

During the Napoleonic Wars, Freikorps were formed for the purpose of shaking off French rule in Germany.

The classic sailing frigate, well-known today for its role in the Napoleonic wars, can be traced back to French developments in the second quarter of the 18th century.

Genoese came during the 18th and 19th centuries, especially from the poorer parts of Liguria, some of them annually following fishing shoals, as repairmen for the British navy, or as successful traders and merchants ; many others came during the Napoleonic period to avoid obligatory conscription to the French Army.

Besides its use as an explosive, gunpowder has been occasionally employed for other purposes ; after the Battle of Aspern-Essling ( 1809 ), the surgeon of the Napoleonic Army Larrey combated the lack of food for the wounded under his care by preparing a bouillon of horse meat seasoned with gunpowder for lack of salt.

Tartan had already been adopted for highland regiments in the British army, which poor highlanders joined in large numbers until the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, but by the 19th century it had largely been abandoned by the ordinary people.

Their trade was to come to an end with the period following the Napoleonic Wars, for the town became one of the most fashionable resorts in Britain, brought about by the so-called properties of seawater.

Among the first were the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine, initiated in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, and the future International Telegraph Union, which was founded by the signing of the International Telegraph Convention by 20 countries in May 1865.

* 1815 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Waterloo results in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher forcing him to abdicate the throne of France for the second and last time.

At first, these were intended to be used primarily for reconnaissance in support of armies on the ground, just as balloons had been during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 – 1871 and in the Napoleonic Wars.

After the Napoleonic Wars, North Africa became increasingly ungovernable from Istanbul by the Ottoman Empire, the resort of pirates under local beys, and as Europe industrialized, an increasingly prized potential for colonization.

European swordsmanship was trained for duels until the Napoleonic era, and developed into sport fencing during the 19th century.

The evidence for this hypothesis is the lack of inflation in the English economy until the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars when paper money was extensively used.

It has been blamed for the level of destruction involved in the First and Second World Wars, but it seems rather that Clausewitz ( who did not actually use the term " total war ") had merely foreseen the inevitable development that started with the huge, patriotically motivated armies of the Napoleonic wars.

Increased taxation during the Napoleonic Wars pushed its gravity down to around 1. 055 °, where it remained for the rest of the 19th century.

When the malt tax was increased to help pay for the Napoleonic War, brewers had an incentive to use less malt.