Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

* 1809 – Hannibal Hamlin, American politician, 15th Vice President of the United States ( d. 1891 )

* 1809 – Alfred, Lord Tennyson, English poet ( d. 1892 )

* 1809 – William B. Travis, American lawyer and soldier ( d. 1836 )

In the Battle of Abensberg on 19 – 20 April 1809, Napoleon gained a significant victory over the Austrians under Archduke Louis of Austria and General Johann von Hiller.

* Battle of Eckmühl occurred 21 – 22 April 1809.

* 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: the Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France and driven over the Danube in Regensburg.

* 1809 – Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., American physician and writer ( d. 1894 )

* 1738 – William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, English statesman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( d. 1809 )

* 1809 – Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four day campaign that ended in a French victory.

* 1809 – An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition.

* 1809 – Quito, now the capital of Ecuador, declares independence from Spain.

* 1809 – John Kirk Townsend, American naturalist ( d. 1851 )

Albert Pike ( December 29, 1809 – April 2, 1891 ) was an attorney, Confederate officer, writer, and Freemason.

* 1809 – Battle of the Basque Roads Naval battle fought between France and the United Kingdom

* 1809 – Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the Battle of Eckmühl.

Victorious Archduke Charles of Austria during the Battle of Aspern-Essling ( 21 – 22 May 1809 ).

His siblings included Sarah ( 1802 – 1859 ), Naphtali ( 1807 ), Ralph ( 1809 – 1898 ), and James ( 1813 – 1868 ).

* Jean-Baptiste Muard ( 1809 – 1854 )

* Boniface Wimmer ( 1809 – 1887 )

* Gongalegoda Banda ( 1809 – 1849 ), Sri Lankan rebellion leader

* Louis II ( 1810 ), also Grand Duke of Berg ( 1809 – 1813 )

* Invasion of Cayenne ( 1809 ) ( 1809 ): Was a combined military operation by an Anglo-Portuguese-Brazilian expeditionary force against Cayenne, capital of the French South American colony of French Guiana in 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars.

During the Napoleonic wars the Kingdom of the Netherlands adopted the French code civil in 1809, however the Dutch colonies in the Cape of Good Hope and Sri Lanka, at the time called Ceylon, were seized by the British to prevent them being used as bases by the French Navy.

Designed by Daniel Asher Alexander and constructed originally between 1806 and 1809 by local labour, to hold prisoners of the Napoleonic Wars, it was also used to hold American prisoners from the War of 1812.

Besides its use as an explosive, gunpowder has been occasionally employed for other purposes ; after the Battle of Aspern-Essling ( 1809 ), the surgeon of the Napoleonic Army Larrey combated the lack of food for the wounded under his care by preparing a bouillon of horse meat seasoned with gunpowder for lack of salt.

* 1809 – The Battle of Wagram, the largest of the Napoleonic Wars.

* 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Wagram sees a French victory over the Austrian army in the largest battle yet of the Napoleonic Wars.

* 1809 – Combined British, Portuguese and colonial Brazilian forces begin the Invasion of Cayenne during the Napoleonic Wars.

* 1809 – In a naval action during the Napoleonic Wars, French frigates defeat British East Indiamen in the Bay of Bengal.

Absolute monarchy lasted until defeats in the Napoleonic wars forced Sweden to cede Finland to Russia in 1809.

After the French Revolution and the French conquest of Italy, Umbria was part of the ephemeral Roman Republic ( 1798 – 1799 ) and of the Napoleonic Empire ( 1809 – 1814 ).

Trieste was occupied by French troops three times during the Napoleonic Wars, in 1797, 1805 and in 1809.

With the exception of a brief period between 1809 and 1813, when it was included under the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, it remained under the Austrian rule until 1918.

From 1364 until 1919, Bled ( Veldes ) was part of the Duchy of Carniola, except for a stint between 1809 and 1816 as one of the Napoleonic Illyrian Provinces

According to the 1809 Treaty of Schönbrunn, the Upper Carinthian territories around Villach formed part of the short-lived Napoleonic Illyrian Provinces ; Carinthia as a whole remained a part of the Habsburg Kingdom of Illyria until its dissolution in 1849.

* Napoleonic Wars in Girona 1808 – 1814 Group of Historical Recreation Girona 1809: Miquelets of Girona

In 1809 the city was incorporated to the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw whereas after the fall of Napoleon, following the decisions taken during the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Zamość became a part of the Kingdom of Poland, also called Congress Poland, which was controlled by the Russian Empire.

Under the French name of Otranto it was created a duché grand-fief de l ' Empire in the Napoleonic kingdom of Naples for Joseph Fouché, Napoleon's minister of Police ( 1809 ), the grandfather of Margareta Fouché.

The Battle of Wagram ( July 5 – 6, 1809 ) was one of the most important military engagements of the Napoleonic Wars and ended in a decisive victory for Emperor Napoleon I's French and Allied army against the Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles of Austria-Teschen.

Among Graz's most famous tourist attractions, the castle, never occupied until its partial demolition by Napoleonic forces under the Peace of Schönbrunn of 1809, was once a place of refuge for Graz's residents.

* Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle ( 1775 – 1809 ), French cavalry general during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars

In 1806 it was briefly given to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, until in 1809 it was added to the French Illyrian Provinces.

During the Napoleonic Wars, Gorizia was incorporated to the French Illyrian Provinces between 1809 and 1813.