* 1906 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, King of Iran, agrees to convert the government to a constitutional monarchy.

These people may have assisted the Scythians when King Darius the Great led a Persian invasion into what is now Southern Russia to punish the Scythians for their raids into the Achaemenid Empire.

Persian King Darius I the Great, in an attempt to subdue the Scythian horsemen who roamed across the north of the Black Sea, crossed through the Bosphorus, then marched towards the Danube River.

In the 20th year of Artaxerxes ( the King of Persia ), Nehemiah, cup-bearer to the King in Susa ( the Persian capital ), learns that the wall of Jerusalem is destroyed.

* Cyrus the Younger ( died 401 BC ), brother to the Persian King Artaxerxes

Image: BattleofIssus333BC-mosaic-detail1. jpg | Alexander the Great using armoured cavalry, fighting Persian King Darius III

It was said that the bridge was to rival that of Persian King Xerxes ' crossing of the Hellespont.

The term " king " would not be difficult ; since the Persian Monarch was known as the King of Kings, a lesser lord may have called himself a king.

In Persia, from the time of Darius the Great, Persian rulers used the title " King of Kings " ( Shahanshah in modern Iranian ) since they had dominion over peoples from India to Greece.

This text recounts a prophetic dream by Nebuchadnezzar, in which the previous empires had been Babylonian, Persian, Grecian and Roman ; the last empire, they concluded, would be established by the returning Jesus as King of kings and Lord of Lords to reign with his saints on earth for a thousand years.

Ephesus had been part of the Persian Empire since 547 and was ruled by a satrap, a more distant figure, as the Great King allowed the Ionians considerable autonomy.

Jahangir's relationship with other rulers of the time is one that was well documented by Sir Thomas Roe, especially his relationship with the Persian King, Shah Abbas.

The seventh, the Shabuhragan, was written by Mani in Middle Persian and presented by him to the contemporary King of Sassanid Persia, Shapur I in the Persian capital of Ctesiphon.

* 1986 – The King Fahd Causeway is officially opened in the Persian Gulf.

In, attributed to the time of the Persian Empire in about 450 BC, it is said that Nehemiah, an official serving King Artaxerxes I of Persia, asked leave to travel to Judea, and the king granted leave and gave him a letter " to the governors beyond the river " requesting safe passage for him as he travelled through their lands.

A similar story is told, for example, in Jewish sources about King David, and in Persian folklore about the Mongolian warlord Tamerlane and an ant.

Partly as a result of Athenian support to the Ionian Greeks, the Persian Great King Darius started moving against metropolitan Greece.

* 465 BC: King Xerxes I of the Persian Empire is murdered by Artabanus the Hyrcanian.

** The Battle of Plataea in Boeotia ends the Persian invasions of Greece as the Persian general Mardonius is routed by the Greeks under Pausanias, nephew of the former Spartan King, Leonidas I.

* The Persian King Darius II dies of an illness in Babylon.

* Darius II Ochus, King of the Persian Empire

Xerxes then personally led a second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, taking an enormous ( although oft-exaggerated ) army and navy to Greece.

Polybius tells that 28 years after the expulsion of the last Persian king Xerxes crossed over to Greece, and that event is fixed to 478 BC by two solar eclipses.

The name Ahasuerus is equivalent to Xerxes, both deriving from the Persian Khshayārsha, thus Ahasuerus is usually identified as Xerxes I ( 486-465 BCE ), though Ahasuerus is identified as Artaxerxes in the later Greek version of Esther ( as well as by Josephus, the Jewish commentary Esther Rabbah, the Ethiopic translation and the Christian theologian Bar-Hebraeus who identified him more precisely as Artaxerxes II ).

The story told in the book of Esther takes place during the rule of Ahasuerus, who has been identified as the fifth-century Persian king Xerxes ( 486-465 ).

The Hebrew Ahasuerus is most likely derived from Persian Khshayarsha, the origin of the Greek Xerxes.

As for the identity of Mordecai, the similar names Marduka and Marduku have been found as the name of officials in the Persian court in over thirty texts from the period of Xerxes I and his father Darius, and may refer to up to four individuals, one of which might after all be Mordecai.

Instead, the Hebrew name Ahasuerus accords with an inscription of the time that notes that Artaxerxes II was named also Arshu, understood as a shortening of Achshiyarshu the Babylonian rendering of the Persian Khshayarsha ( Xerxes ), through which the Hebrew Achashverosh ( Ahasuerus ) is derived.

The Persian army of Xerxes I of Persia and later the Macedonian army of Alexander the Great crossed the Dardanelles in opposite directions to invade each other's lands, in 480 BC and 334 BC respectively.

Some commentators have argued the story of the first three kings must have been originally planned as a history of Persia and the story of Xerxes, later added to it instead is a history of the Persian Wars.

* 480 BC – Battle of Salamis: The Greek fleet under Themistocles defeats the Persian fleet under Xerxes I.

The Athenians were certainly aware throughout this period that the Persian interest in Greece had not ended ; Darius's son and successor, Xerxes I, had continued the preparations for the invasion of Greece.

Even if this did not work, Themistocles apparently intended that Xerxes would at least begin to suspect the Ionians, thereby sowing dissension in the Persian ranks.

Xerxes evidently took the bait, and the Persian fleet was sent out to effect the block.

Xerxes set out in the spring of 480 BC from Sardis with a fleet and army which Herodotus estimated was roughly one million strong along with 10, 000 elite warriors named the Persian Immortals.

According to Herodotus, upon encountering the deserted city, in an fit of rage uncharacteristic even for Persian kings, Xerxes had Athens burned.

However, Persian scholars dispute this view as pan-Hellenic propaganda, arguing that Sparta, not Athens, was Xerxes's main foe in his Greek campaigns, and that Xerxes would have had nothing to gain by destroying a major center of trade and commerce like Athens once he had already captured it.

In 465 BC, Xerxes was murdered by Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard and the most powerful official in the Persian court ( Hazarapat / commander of thousand ).

Other works dealing with the Persian Empire or the Biblical story of Esther have also referenced Xerxes, such as the video game Assassin's Creed II and the film One Night with the King, in which Ahasuerus ( Xerxes ) was portrayed by British actor Luke Goss.

Xerxes II (, IPA :/ ˈzəːksiːz /-Xšayāršā ) was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I.

The Persian king Xerxes was also anxious for a decisive battle.