* The Greek Book of Esther, included in the Septuagint, is a retelling of the events of the Hebrew Book of Esther rather than a translation and records additional traditions, in particular the identification of Ahasuerus with Artaxerxes and details of various letters.

Bar-Hebraeus identified Ahasuerus explicitly as Artaxerxes II ; however, the names are not necessarily equivalent: Hebrew has a form of the name Artaxerxes distinct from Ahasuerus, and a direct Greek rendering of Ahasuerus is used by both Josephus and the Septuagint for occurrences of the name outside the Book of Esther.

Instead, the Hebrew name Ahasuerus accords with an inscription of the time that notes that Artaxerxes II was named also Arshu, understood as a shortening of Achshiyarshu the Babylonian rendering of the Persian Khshayarsha ( Xerxes ), through which the Hebrew Achashverosh ( Ahasuerus ) is derived.

Ahasuerus (; Old Persian: Xšayārša ; ; in the Septuagint ; or in the Vulgate ; commonly transliterated Achashverosh ) is a name used several times in the Hebrew Bible, as well as related legends and Apocrypha.

The English name Ahasuerus is derived from a Latinized form of the Hebrew Akhashverosh ( אחשורוש ), which is a Hebrew rendering of the Babylonian Achshiyarshu: both this and the Greek Ξέρξης are renderings of the Old Persian Xšayāršā.

According to the Book of Esther, in the Hebrew Bible, Haman, royal vizier to King Ahasuerus ( presumed to be Xerxes I of Persia ), planned to kill all the Jews in the empire, but his plans were foiled by Mordecai and his adopted daughter Queen Esther.

He follows the Hebrew Book of Esther but shows awareness of some of the additional material found in the Greek version in that he too identifies Ahasuerus as Artaxerxes and provides the text of the king's letter.

Queen Vashti ( Hebrew: ושתי, Persian: و َ شتی, Koine Greek: Αστιν, Astin ) is the first wife of King Ahasuerus in the Book of Esther, a book included in the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible ) and read on the Jewish holiday of Purim.

Greek ἄβαξ itself is probably a borrowing of a Northwest Semitic, perhaps Phoenician, word akin to Hebrew ʾābāq ( אבק ), " dust " ( since dust strewn on wooden boards to draw figures in ).

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

One, the ABCDE order later used in Phoenician, has continued with minor changes in Hebrew, Greek, Armenian, Gothic, Cyrillic, and Latin ; the other, HMĦLQ, was used in southern Arabia and is preserved today in Ethiopic.

Abjads differ from abugidas, another category invented by Daniels, in that in abjads, the vowel sound is implied by phonology, and where vowel marks exist for the system, such as nikkud for Hebrew and harakāt for Arabic, their use is optional and not the dominant ( or literate ) form.

However, most modern abjads, such as Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic and Avestan, are " impure " abjads, that is, they also contain symbols for some of the vowel phonemes.

Due to the near-identity of the Aramaic and the classical Hebrew alphabets, Aramaic text is mostly typeset in standard Hebrew script in scholarly literature.

In the Hebrew Bible and the Qur ' an, Aaron ( or ; Ahărōn, Hārūn, Greek ( Septuagint ): Ααρών ), who is often called "' Aaron the Priest "' () and once Aaron the Levite () ( Exodus 4: 14 ), was the older brother of Moses, ( Exodus 6: 16-20, 7: 7 ; Qur ' an 28: 34 ) and a prophet of God.

The Christian writer's traditional re-interpretation is that the Hebrew word Sheol can mean many things, including " grave ", " resort ", " place of waiting " and " place of healing ".

Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina ( Elizabeth Queen of the English ), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria ( By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown ); he explains carefully that H is " a note of aspiration only and no letter ", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS.

This word is usually conceded to be derived from the Hebrew ( Aramaic ), meaning " Thou art our father " ( אב לן את ), and also occurs in connection with Abrasax ; the following inscription is found upon a metal plate in the Carlsruhe Museum:

In the Book of Samuel, Abner ( Hebrew אבנר " Avner " meaning " father of is a light "), is first cousin to Saul and commander-in-chief of his army ( 1 Samuel 14: 50, 20: 25 ).

The Book of Amos is a prophetic book of the Hebrew Bible, one of the Twelve Minor Prophets.

Its latest meaning is more or less similar to the Sanskrit word kalpa and Hebrew word olam.

The Bible translation is a treatment of the Hebrew word olam and the Greek word aion.

Abijah ( אביה ' aḆiYaH ) or Abiah or Abia, modern Hebrew Aviya, is a Biblical unisex name that means " my Father is Yahweh ".

* The original order (), used for lettering, derives from the order of the Phoenician alphabet, and is therefore similar to the order of other Phoenician-derived alphabets, such as the Hebrew alphabet.

* Birkat Hachama, observed once every 28 years, the next one is in 2037 ( Hebrew )

Dante concludes ( Paradiso XXVI ) that Hebrew is a derivative of the language of Adam.

Among the scripts in modern use, the Hebrew alphabet bears the closest relation to the Imperial Aramaic script of the 5th century BCE, with an identical letter inventory and, for the most part, nearly identical letter shapes.

One of the most frequent speculations is that the entire book ( excepting 9: 4-20 ) was originally written in Aramaic, with portions translated into Hebrew, possibly to increase acceptance-many Aramaisms in the Hebrew text find proposed explanation by the hypothesis of an inexact initial translation into Hebrew.

Isaiah is the most quoted of all the books of the Hebrew Bible outside of the Torah.

The canonicity of these Greek additions has been a subject of scholarly disagreement practically since their first appearance in the Septuagint –- Martin Luther, being perhaps the most vocal Reformation-era critic of the work, considered even the original Hebrew version to be of very doubtful value.

* year, month, and day – most systems, including the Gregorian calendar ( and its very similar predecessor, the Julian calendar ), the Islamic calendar, and the Hebrew calendar

* In Hebrew, the most common term used to refer to BCE / CE is simply לספירה ( according to the count ) for CE, and לפני הספירה ( before the count ) for BCE.

The most probable derivation of the name “ Yaldabaoth ” is that given by Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler, “ Daughter of Chaos ,” from Hebrew yalda bahut, ילדא בהות.

The derivation must then have been secondary for the initial ayin to be confused with an aleph ( both represented by vowels in Akkadian ), and the second consonant descended as a / s / ( like in the Aramaic asthr " bright star "), rather than a / sh / as in Hebrew and most commonly in Akkadian.

Although some found initial refuge in Italy ( especially Venice ), most resettled in the Ottoman Empire, where Spanish speaking Jews established in Istanbul a rich sub-culture with a flourishing Hebrew and Ladino printing industry.

The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew ג ַּ ן ע ֵ ד ֶ ן, Gan ʿEdhen ), is the biblical " garden of God ", described most notably in the Book of Genesis ( Genesis 2-3 ), but also mentioned, directly or indirectly, in Ezekiel, Isaiah and elsewhere in the Old Testament.

However, most Biblical Hebrew constructions are still permissible in Modern Hebrew in formal, literary, archaic or poetic style.

* Learning Hebrew, Young Israel ( most of the links leading to language learning are now dead links )

Hebrew has been used primarily for liturgical, literary, and scholarly purposes for most of the past two millennia.

He is also one of the most prominent kings of Judah mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.

In fact, he distinguished himself so notably that the emperor Frederick II., the most genial and enlightened monarch of the time, invited him to come to Naples, and, under the emperor's auspices, to devote himself to his studies, particularly to the rendition of scientific Arabic literature into the more accessible Hebrew language.

To these last 34 years of his career belong the most important of his works ; his version of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew text, the best of his scriptural commentaries, his catalogue of Christian authors, and the dialogue against the Pelagians, the literary perfection of which even an opponent recognized.

Jerome's decision to use a Hebrew text instead of the previous translated Septuagint went against the advice of most other Christians, including Augustine, who thought the Septuagint inspired.

Despite this, the tradition of most Ashkenazi Orthodox synagogues is to use Hebrew ( usually Ashkenazi Hebrew ) for all except a small number of prayers, including the Kaddish, which had always been in Aramaic, and sermons and instructions, for which the local language is used.

In common with most other translations of the period, the New Testament was translated from Greek, the Old Testament was translated from Hebrew text, while the Apocrypha were translated from the Greek and Latin.