In social bookmarking systems, users assign tags to resources shared with other users, which gives rise to a type of information organisation that emerges from this crowdsourcing process.

Like Digital Innovations, Neuros is distinguished by its use of open innovation and crowdsourcing techniques in bringing products to market, as well as its prominent use of open source software and open source hardware.

Others have opted for a crowdsourcing approach, where players can report griefing.

A new generation of tools to support collaborative intelligence is poised to evolve from crowdsourcing platforms, recommender systems, and evolutionary computation.

* Crowdsourcing Track-Goal: to provide a collaborative venue for exploring crowdsourcing methods both for evaluating search and for performing search tasks.

In his book Here Comes Everybody Shirky explains how he has long spoken in favor of crowdsourcing and collaborative efforts online.

It is a term used in online business, mass media, micro-finance ( Grameen Bank, for example ), user-driven innovation ( Eric von Hippel ), and social network mechanisms ( e. g. crowdsourcing, crowdcasting, peer-to-peer ), economic models, and marketing ( viral marketing ).

The increased accessibility and interactivity of online journalism has also created new opportunity in the guise of crowdsourcing, enabling people to get investigative journalists working on stories that they themselves have suggested and funded.

Gengo ’ s human translation platform uses crowdsourcing to source a worldwide pool of freelance translators.

The term is usually used in reference to a worker who performs duties within a crowdsourcing platform, generally on a per-task pay rate.

Unilever recently decided to drop its ad agency of 16 years, Lowe, and has turned to the crowdsourcing platform IdeaBounty to find creative ideas for its next Peperami TV campaign.

This project used the power of crowdsourcing to quickly converge on the answer.

In 2006, writer Jeff Howe and editor Mark Robinson coined the term crowdsourcing in the June issue.

Weather observations from ships continue from thousands of voluntary merchant vessels in routine commercial operation ; the Old Weather crowdsourcing project transcribes naval logs from before the era of dedicated ships.

Several related terms have emerged to refer to various aspects of the complex relationship between economic organizations or networks, such as nearshoring, crowdsourcing, multisourcing and strategic outsourcing.

At least one, Wikispeedia, incorporates crowdsourcing, so driver input is shared, improving the database for all users.

A notable accomplishment of this effort was the discovery of a set of " lost " photos in the Magnum archive, from the shooting of the movie American Graffiti, achieved through a combination of human tagging and machine intelligence: The crowdsourcing identified the individuals in the photos ( e. g., George Lucas, Ron Howard, Richard Dreyfuss, and Mackenzie Phillips, shown in separate photos from one shooting ), but then the underlying machine process connected these together to see what is common among them.

In all cases, Public Health 2. 0 draws on ideas from Web 2. 0, such as crowdsourcing, information sharing, and user-centred design.

Offshore outsourcing, Online outsourcing and crowdsourcing are heavily reliant on the Internet to provide economical access to remote workers, and frequently leverage technology to manage workflow to and from the employer.

When the Haiti earthquake struck on 12 January 2010, an OSM crowdsourcing effort enabled the construction of a map depicting the position of hospitals.

Many artists have continued in the spirit of net. art ; an example is Aaron Koblin, whose pieces based on crowdsourcing combine whimsy, elegance, and subversiveness.

While such vocabularies suffer from some of the informality problems described below, they can be seen as emerging from the decentralized actions of many users, as a form of crowdsourcing.

An early example of crowdsourcing, the show only lasted one season, premiering in 1992 and being canceled in 1993.

California Democrats this weekend will take the wraps off a 1962 model statewide campaign vehicle which they have been quietly assembling in a thousand district headquarters, party clubrooms and workers' backyards.

When he showed this model as his `` solution '' as to how the Howe sewing machine operated, he was told he was `` wrong '', and discovered to his amazement that the Howe Machine, which was unknown to him in detail, used two threads while the one that he had perfected used only one.

I asked Quasimodo recently how he accomplished this, and he replied that he had painted his model `` a beautiful shade of red and then had her breathe on the canvas '', which was his typical tongue-in-cheek way of chiding me for my lack of sensitivity.

While there may be several such industries to which the model of this paper is applicable, the authors make particular claim of relevance to the explanation of the course of wages and prices in the steel industry of the United States since World War 2.

The model of this paper considers an industry which is not characterized by vigorous price competition, but which is so basic that its wage-price policies are held in check by continuous critical public scrutiny.

In order to focus clearly upon the operation of this one force, which we may call the effect of `` public-limit pricing '' on `` key '' wage bargains, we deliberately simplify the model by abstracting from other forces, such as union power, which may be relevant in an actual situation.

For expository purposes, this is best treated as a model which spells out the conditions under which an important industry affected with the public interest would find it profitable to raise wages even in the absence of union pressures for higher wages.

The industry with which this model is concerned is a basic industry, producing a substantial share of gross national product.

; Design: A set of experimental runs which allows the fit of a particular model and the estimate of effects.

The fixed-effects model of analysis of variance applies to situations in which the experimenter applies one or more treatments to the subjects of the experiment to see if the response variable values change.

The analysis of variance has been studied from several approaches, the most common of which uses a linear model that relates the response to the treatments and blocks.

Even when the statistical model is nonlinear, it can be approximated by a linear model for which an analysis of variance may be appropriate.

The analysis of variance can be presented in terms of a linear model, which makes the following assumptions about the probability distribution of the responses:

Also, a statistician may specify that logarithmic transforms be applied to the responses, which are believed to follow a multiplicative model.

which in turn is a special case of the general linear model.

In 1911, Ernest Rutherford gave a model of the atom in which a central core held most of the atom's mass and a positive charge which, in units of the electron's charge, was to be approximately equal to half of the atom's atomic weight, expressed in numbers of hydrogen atoms.

The Declaration announced the states ' entry into the international system ; the model treaty was designed to establish amity and commerce with other states ; and the Articles of Confederation, which established “ a firm league ” among the thirteen free and independent states, constituted an international agreement to set up central institutions for the conduct of vital domestic and foreign affairs.

Assuming ZF is consistent, Kurt Gödel showed that the negation of the axiom of choice is not a theorem of ZF by constructing an inner model ( the constructible universe ) which satisfies ZFC and thus showing that ZFC is consistent.

Assuming ZF is consistent, Paul Cohen employed the technique of forcing, developed for this purpose, to show that the axiom of choice itself is not a theorem of ZF by constructing a much more complex model which satisfies ZF ¬ C ( ZF with the negation of AC added as axiom ) and thus showing that ZF ¬ C is consistent.

Note that any model of ZF ¬ C is also a model of ZF, so for each of the following statements, there exists a model of ZF in which that statement is true.